Estoa. Journal of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism

Mindful innovation: the future of architecture in the age of AI

2025-07-14T17:10:45+00:00

A critical and forward-looking perspective on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in architecture is proposed. Rather than adopting technophobic or technocratic positions, it advocates for a “mindful innovation” that integrates AI’s capabilities with the architect’s contextual, ethical, and phenomenological judgment. This vision fosters a dialogue between disciplinary tradition and technological acceleration. The edition is structured around four key themes—sustainability, pedagogy, heritage, and urban studies—and brings together a rigorous set of research articles that demonstrate how architecture can critically engage with contemporary challenges without abandoning its cultural and design-driven dimensions.

Thermo-insulating panels based on Stipa Ichu, cellulose and gypsum for high Andean housing claddings

2025-02-04T19:31:23+00:00

The manufacture of construction materials with conventional inputs generates negative impacts on the environment and contributes significantly to energy consumption. Therefore, facing this problem requires new alternatives. This research proposes a thermo-insulating panel made of Stipa Ichu fibers, cellulose, and gypsum for its application in a High Andean house. In order to evaluate the panel, its resistance to compression, bending, fire, fungus and acoustic insulation was characterized. Subsequently, the thermal behavior in the interior lining of a house was evaluated. The results reveal a compressive strength of 28.30 kg/cm², flexural strength of 18.35 kg/cm². The 12.50 mm thick panel showed a fire resistance of more than 60 minutes, 30% absorption and 70% noise reflectance, as well as adequate durability against fungi. With respect to thermal behavior, this thermo-insulating panel increases the interior temperature by 2.30°C with respect to a typical house, which makes its use feasible.

Multi-objective optimization of fixed solar protections to reduce energy requirements in a temperate cold arid climate

2025-03-05T14:30:16+00:00

The parametric approach used in this study explores various solar shading design scenarios during the early stages of the project. The objective is to reduce annual energy requirements in cold, arid, temperate climates, such as Mendoza, classified as BWk in the Köppen system. A workflow integrating computational simulations and data analysis is implemented to evaluate multiple geometric configurations of fixed solar shading on a study model. The NSGA-II algorithm is employed for multi-objective optimization, identifying designs located on the Pareto front. Subsequently, the K-Means clustering algorithm is applied to group these solutions into ten design proposals. The results indicate that, despite variations in certain parameters, a well-designed solar shading system can effectively balance energy demand. This methodology, adaptable to more complex projects, serves as an essential tool for improving energy performance from the early design stages.

Comparative analysis of conventional and unconventional thermal insulation materials for building construction

2025-04-07T19:58:20+00:00

Nowadays, efforts are underway to minimize the negative environmental impact of the construction industry, which results from the use of non-renewable raw materials and the high energy consumption associated with their production. The primary strategy to enhance the energy performance of buildings involves the efficient use of thermal insulation. This study provides a review of resistive thermal insulation materials, considering their thermal and physical properties, prices, and presentations. To analyze these materials, they are classified based on their origin, structure, and relevance in the building envelope (conventional, unconventional). The analysis reveals that synthetic materials exhibit lower thermal conductivity values than natural materials. However, some unconventional materials, known for their environmental benefits, demonstrate thermal performance comparable to that of conventional ones. Additionally, the relationship between price and thermal efficiency is assessed, identifying both conventional and unconventional materials with a favorable price-performance ratio.

Design of a concrete mixture with coconut fiber to improve its mechanical properties

2024-11-05T16:03:57+00:00

The present research focuses on the implementation of coconut fibers in concrete mixtures, a material known for its high compressive strength and low tensile strength, which often faces problems such as delayed deformation, drying shrinkage and temperature cracking. By adding coconut fiber, an organic waste material, the aim is to improve the mechanical properties of the concrete. Compressive strength tests were carried out after 28 days on different mixtures. The M-2 mixture, with 0,37% coconut fiber, reached a resistance of 177,387 kg/cm² and a maximum load of 32,625 kg. The M-3 mixture, with 0,55% fiber, presented a resistance of 13,.954 kg/cm² with a load of 24,425 kg. Finally, the M-4 mixture, with 0,74% fiber, achieved a resistance of 158,493 kg/cm² with a load of 29,150 kg. These results suggest that the addition of coconut fiber can improve the strength of concrete, depending on the proportion used.

Vulnerable habitat: architectural requirements in housing in risk areas of Jocotepec

2025-01-27T16:21:54+00:00

This study analyzes the spatial needs of families living in homes affected by ground subsidence in Jocotepec. The research involved residents from 17 households, using a mixed-methods approach that combined surveys and participatory dynamics as data collection tools. The results show that children represent 16% of the population and people with disabilities 3%. The most valued housing features include green areas (59%), spacious rooms (35%), good lighting (29%), and natural ventilation (24%). Other important aspects mentioned are accessibility, comfort, bedrooms with bathrooms, functional layout, and spaces for pets (6%). Additionally, the most requested extra spaces are gardens and bathrooms, both mentioned by 59% of the participants. Finally, the majority of residents expressed a preference for detached single-family housing typology.

Modular experimental shelter in semi-arid climates. Response to housing emergency situations

2025-02-04T19:28:50+00:00

In the context of housing emergency situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the study of possible responses to crisis scenarios has been revisited. The experimental development of an emergency shelter is proposed to expand the availability of space in precarious housing, in order to mitigate overcrowding and socio-housing vulnerability. The methodology was based on the testing of two modules built with modular wooden panels, based on four design principles: rapid, economical, modular and removable construction. In the prefabricated modules, priority is given to ease of manipulation to be built by a diverse and unskilled people. The design, prefeasibility study and project of the shelter, the steady balance, the economic performance and the technological transfer are developed. It is concluded that the proposed prototype is functional and economical and that adjustments can be made to the architectural design. Weight reduction and improved assembly/disassembly handling are possible to better align with the proposed design principles.

The role of LEED certificate in house purchasing decision: Hep Istanbul Housing Project

2025-04-07T15:40:10+00:00

Purchasing a home is one of the most significant decisions in life. Research shows that consumers typically consider price, location, layout, durability, and aesthetics when buying a home. However, with the increasing impact of climate change, sustainability, energy consumption, and carbon emissions are becoming important factors. This study examines how the sustainability features of the HEP Istanbul Housing Project, which holds LEED Gold and Silver certifications, grounded in LEED criteria and informed by a thorough review of relevant literatura, was administered to 70 individuals who had purchased homes from the project. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22. The findings indicate that although consumers were not highly familiar with LEED certification, environmental responsibility played a role in their decisions, highlighting a growing awareness of sustainability in home purchases.

Integration of artificial intelligence tools into interior architecture education: a study on textual and visual representations

2025-01-16T16:06:17+00:00

Despite numerous Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in the field, there is currently a lack of empirical evidence supporting their integration into design education, as well as limitations due to the novelty of these applications. Therefore, this study proposes a workflow integrating AI-assisted ideation and visualization into interior architecture education. An empirical study was conducted with six interior architecture students. The design process has been researched in addition to capturing the functional limitations and difficulties encountered by students who experienced the suggested educational framework. The findings were analyzed using descriptive analysis, a qualitative research method. Findings revealed that AI tools can effectively support the early design phase with the recommended workflow. However, participants often struggled to apply it critically, relying heavily on AI suggestions. This study provides a novel perspective by elucidating the potential benefits, challenges and impacts of AI applications in interior architecture education.

Semiotics-based prompt engineering for architectural text-to-image generation processes

2025-01-06T17:57:11+00:00

Text-to-image generative AI tools have gained significant attention in the architectural community; however, they are currently being used by trial-and-error with simple textual inputs. This is largely due to the lack of established frameworks for crafting prompts that yield semantically rich architectural outputs. This paper proposes using semiotics as an analytical method facilitating text-to-image generation processes. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of semiotic analysis and adding context modifiers to prompts on the relevancy of outputs of three mainstream text-to-image generation tools (DALL-E, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion). The results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method and reveal opportunities and limitations of current text-to-image generative models in architecture. It is concluded that a human-centered approach to Human-AI interaction is needed to overcome issues regarding control, transparency, and data quality.

Revitalizing material interpretations: augmenting learning in online architectural education through material embodiment and communication

2025-04-14T17:54:09+00:00

Material augmentation and communication techniques in online education enhance architectural thinking and creation, opening new avenues for design exploration. By focusing on responsive constructions and unconventional modeling techniques, this study fosters a more immersive and expressive design approach. The methodology unfolds in three phases: local mapping based on environmental experiences, exploration of alternative material deviations, and the development of new tectonic principles through material representation. These phases critically examine the interaction between modeling techniques and material variations, aligning reality with representative preferences. The primary aim is to challenge conventional architectural modeling through dynamic processes and material perception strategies. Ultimately, the study offers alternative processes centered on materials and communication tools, enriching the educational experience by promoting deeper sensory and intellectual connections with the built environment for future architects.

Advanced photogrammetric techniques for heritage conservation: a case study of the visual and architectural preservation of the Jagannath Temple, Puri

2025-03-19T17:25:19+00:00

The Jagannath Temple in Puri, India, positions as a testimony to a rich cultural, religious and architectural heritage. However, rapidly changing fabric of cities and urbanization poses substantial threat to its heritage significance and aesthetic integrity. This study proposes a comprehensive qualitative and photogrammetric approach to assess and document the visual integrity of the heritage value of Jagannath Temple precinct. It employs high-resolution aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry. The project contributes in generating a detailed 3D model and orthophotos of the heritage precinct. These digital depictions will enable precise analysis of architectural elements and spatial relationships. This study contributes as a vital tool for conservation planning and informed decision-making by safeguarding the sustainable preservation of this iconic cultural asset.

Demographic dynamics and art engagement: urban development in Lubbock and El Paso, Texas

2025-03-06T20:28:56+00:00

Cities serve as dynamic arenas where citizens negotiate needs and co-create solutions to enhance urban life. To address the complexities of contemporary urban living, planning must respond to social justice, economic vitality, and cultural inclusion. This study explores how demographic factors—age, ethnicity, and economics—influence art engagement in two culturally distinct Texan cities: Lubbock and El Paso. Using qualitative comparative analysis and data from a graduate seminar at Texas Tech University, we examine student-led art projects reflecting community experiences. These creative works reveal how art fosters communication, cultural belonging, and social cohesion. Findings underscore that integrating art into urban planning—through public installations, murals, and participatory design—can revitalize underutilized spaces and address diverse community needs. The study argues for art as a tool of creative placemaking, especially in demographically varied cities, emphasizing that culturally responsive engagement strategies can cultivate inclusive, vibrant urban environments.

Intermediate spaces as enhancers of collective actions. Cases from the university connection in Quito – Ecuador

2024-10-14T19:29:07+00:00

The intermediate spaces are understood as dynamic devices that promote actions between the public and the private. The Research Group on Imaginaries and Transformation of Living Landscapes (GI ITPV) at the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador has conducted multiple studies on the public and private aspects of architecture, observing that in the city of Quito there is little appropriation of the territories. Based on these findings, it is proposed to carry out activations to enhance the intermediate spaces and thus provoke greater appropriation. In this sense, two proposals have been developed that have allowed us to understand these dynamics and raise awareness among future architectural professionals about their actions, also covering the social role of the university today.

Socio-environmental mapping and Latin American popular habitat: university teaching methodologies in the amazon

2025-03-25T17:12:57+00:00

This article explores the teaching of the habitat concept in the Ecuadorian Amazon through an interdisciplinary approach that integrates socio-environmental mapping, sustainable architecture, and cultural, social, economic, and environmental perspectives. It examines methodologies that help students understand the complex relationships between society and nature in highly biodiverse contexts. Collaborative mapping from a body-territory perspective and the use of participatory technologies are proposed as teaching strategies. These tools encourage critical reflection on territory, promote ecological and critical thinking, and strengthen the ability of future architects to design sustainable housing solutions relevant to specific territories. The article demonstrates how student-generated maps reveal social, environmental, and symbolic dynamics that position the Amazonían environment as a living laboratory for habitat education. It concludes that this approach is not only relevant to the local context but also provides transferable tools for other regions facing the global ecological crisis.

Ambiguity and vagueness in the definition of teachers’ beliefs

2024-11-25T15:57:09+00:00

Confusion, lack of clarity or lack of consensus are the main qualifications used by those who have dealt with the conceptualization problems of teachers’ beliefs. It has even been claimed that after almost seven decades we still do not know what we talk about when refer to beliefs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the central ideas contained within the definitions provided in this field since 2009. To achieve this, 102 articles published both in Spanish and in English have been reviewed. It is concluded that the term ‘belief’ is either used colloquially, i.e. as an assent, conformity or credit given to something, in which case a ‘belief’ would be what teachers express when they answer questions such as what do you believe (think, consider, etc.) about…? or that, instead of confusion, lack of clarity or lack of consensus, it would be more appropriate to talk about ambiguity and vagueness in the definitions.

Beyond destruction and loss, urban resilience of the Historic Center of Managua

2024-11-15T15:15:16+00:00

This article analyzes the factors that validate the resilient condition of the historic center of the city of Managua, a space that has suffered extraordinary events of destruction, but retains relevance in its urban system. With a synthetic narration of the facts, the conditions of a space of resistance in the face of adversity, capable of overcoming great impacts of natural and anthropic origin, are approached in an integrated manner. As expressions of this resilience, factors of location, morphology and management are identified that sustain the functional and symbolic capacity of the historic center, despite the loss of historic buildings and the disappearance of the scenography of the colonial heritage. To account for the potential of overcoming a history of destruction, abandonment and loss of this space, an eco-urban model of resilience is proposed, interpreted through adaptive cycles. In the background remains the hypothesis that historic centers are not only capable of overcoming adversities, but also play a vital role in the resilience of the urban system to which they belong.

Singular earthen architectural heritage of the Coquimbo Region, Chile: a participatory inventory

2025-01-10T16:07:32+00:00

The earthen architectural heritage from the Colonial and Republican periods has some characteristics in common in the south of the American continent and in Chile, a country where the seismic condition has restricted the volumetric and constructive possibilities of this architecture. However, in the Coquimbo Region, in the north of the country, there are numerous cases of earthen buildings with morphological, constructive and ornamental characteristics that differentiate them from the architectural heritage of the rest of the country, possessing the value of uniqueness. This heritage, located mainly in rural areas, is not characterized or legally protected by its cultural contribution. In this context, a research project was carried out, whose purpose was to record and characterize this unique earthen heritage, combining documentary search, direct observation and information provided by the different rural communities of the región. The results are a series of maps and basic information about the different earthen buildings, which allow the enhancement of this heritage.

Procedure to improve the heritage properties management in the historic center of Matanzas, Cuba

2025-01-28T17:55:51+00:00

The management of historic centers and heritage properties is a topic that has been widely addressed internationally; however, there are still problems that threaten their efficiency and sustainability. Therefore, the objective of the research is to develop a procedure for the improvement of the management of heritage properties in historic centers. A procedure is designed based on gaps identified in other analyzed procedures, describing its implementation in stages. The results are presented as a general characterization, the integral diagnosis, as well as the proposal for improvements to manage the properties of the historic center, which is broken down into four axes that constitute a compendium of the multiple edges with which the subject is handled. It is concluded that, although there are methodological limitations, key variables are defined within the procedure: heritage value, functional compatibility, state of conservation, sustainability, comfort; which contributes to the generalization of the same and to the management of the institutional framework in charge.

Disencounters in an architectural intervention in historic centers between object and heritage subjects. Case study: Church of Belen, Cusco - Peru (2019-2022)

2024-11-05T15:08:49+00:00

As long as the built heritage is not appropriated by the heritage subjects such as the population involved and the state, any architectural conservation intervention will be indifferent. Exposing the possibility of its transmission to future generations. This would lead to the extinction of the inherited culture; even worse, the loss of local identities. What factors lead to this undesirable scenario? Determining this is the objective of the research. Evaluating the criteria of architectural intervention in the Church of Bethlehem, located in the structuring area II of the Historic Center of Cusco in Peru, contrasting them with structured interviews to heritage subjects. The results show the hegemony of preserving the materiality of the monument, dissociated from the immateriality, from the attachments and interests of the heritage subjects and disintegrated from its context. Disencounter reflected in the absence of inter-institutional cooperation, holistic intervention and unprecedented exclusion of the heritage subjects before, during and after the architectural intervention process.

School to build a city. Origin and reiteration in school architecture in La Araucanía, Chile

2025-01-10T16:06:26+00:00

The consolidation of the republican state in Chile at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century aimed to democratize the cultural and architectural modernity as a form of civilizational consolidation. In this context, the establishment of public service infrastructures was a widespread task throughout the country. Thus, the possibility that productive processes typical of industrialization were expressed in some cases through the repetition of buildings was recurrent. Among others, educational establishments were programs conducive to formal standardization. The findings place them in smaller cities in Chile; among them, some in La Araucanía stand out as a sign of the State’s attention to supporting the constitution of the nation state in a territory of recent occupation. This paper explores the morphological, programmatic, architectural, and urban developments that the State arranged to impose an image of institutional efficiency, social progress, and willingness to modernizing change.