Seismic vulnerability of the built heritage of the Historic Center of the City of Cuenca: General guidelines and progress of the project

Authors

  • Juan Jiménez Universidad de Cuenca
  • Johnny Cabrera Universidad de Cuenca
  • Jorge Sánchez Universidad de Cuenca
  • Fabricio Avilés Universidad de Cuenca

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18537/mskn.09.01.07

Keywords:

seismic vulnerability at territorial scale, historic center of Cuenca, capacity spectrum method

Abstract

Cuenca is a city situated in a high-risk seismic zone, vulnerable to earthquakes, in particular the Historical Center is quite vulnerable as defined in a previous seismic vulnerability study carried out by the Seismic Network of the Austro (1999-2002), within the frame of the P-BID 400 project Seismic hazard in Southern Ecuador, vulnerability and seismic risk in the city of Cuenca. The work presented in this paper is an update of the vulnerability study developed and delivered to GAD-Cuenca within the framework of a cooperation agreement. In a first phase the project was limited to the assessment of the seismic vulnerability of the Historical Center of the city applying the capacity building model, providing a fundamental improvement with respect to a previous study carried out within the framework of the P-BID 400 project. The article explains the progress in the methodological approach by enabling to address the seismic vulnerability at territorial scale by employing the Level Two Method of the European RISK-EU project, more specifically the Capacity Spectrum Method. Furthermore, the article presents the general guidelines of the project and the progress made in relation to the typological characterization of the built heritage, modeling and computational implementation of the Capacity Spectrum Method.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Abad, L., Tommerbakk, M. (2009). Ciudad y arquitectura republicana de Ecuador: 1850-1950. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Artes, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador. pp. 175-212.

Abrams, D. (1992). Strength of behavior of unreinforced masonry elements. Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 7, Madrid, España.

Amadio, C., Rinaldin, G., Macorini, L. (2011). An equivalent frame model for nonlinear analysis of unreinforced masonry buildings under in-plane cyclic loading. Proceedings of the 14th National Conference of Earthquake Engineering, Italian National Association of Earthquake Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Bari, Bari, Italia.

ATC 40. (1996). Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings. Technical report. Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, California. Vol. 1, 334 p. Disponible en https://www.atcouncil.org/pdfs/atc40toc.pdf

Barron, J. M., Hueste, M. B. D. (2004). Diaphragm effects in rectangular reinforced concrete buildings. Structural Journal, 101(5), 615-624.

Caldas, V., Sigcha, P. (2007). Breve análisis cronológico de la introducción de materiales relevantes dentro de las edificaciones del Centro Histórico de Cuenca entre los años 1880 y 1980. Tesis de pregrado, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador.

Calvi, G. M., Magenes, G. (1997). Seismic evaluation and rehabilitation of masonry buildings. En: Abrams, D. P., Calvi, G. M. (Eds.). Technical Report NCEER-97-0003. Proceedings of U.S.-Italy Workshop on Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit, Pavia, Italia, Vol. 3, pp. 123-142.

Carr, A. (2007). Rūaumoko manuals. University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, Vol. 1. Theory.

Cattari, S., Lagomarsino, S., D’Ayala, D., Novelli, V., Bosiljkov, V. (2012). Correlation of performance levels and damage states for types of buildings. Deliverable D17, WP No6, PERPETUATE Project (FP7), European Research Project on the Seismic Protection of Cultural Heritage.

Cattari, S., Lagomarsino, S. (2013). Masonry structures. En: Sullivan, T., Calvi, G. M. (Eds.). Developments in the field of displacement based seismic assessment. Cap. 5, pp. 157-210. IUSS PRESS and EUCENTRE, Pavia, Italia.

Chérres, M., Peñafiel, C. (2000). Determinación del índice de vulnerabilidad de las edificaciones de la Ciudad de Cuenca. Tesis de pregrado, Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador.

Cobos, G. (1998). Hermano J. B. Stiehle, arquitecto redentorista: su vida y obra en Ecuador y Sudámerica. Comunidad Redentorista, Cuenca, Ecuador. 197 p.

Consulplan. (1982). Plan de desarrollo urbano del área metropolitana de la Ciudad de Cuenca. Vol. XII: Diagnóstico - Centro Histórico, Cuenca, Ecuador, Vol. 12, pp. 49-69.

D’Ayala, D., Meslem, A., Vamvatsikos, D., Porter, K., Rossetto, T., Crowley, H., Silva, V. (2014). Guidelines for analytical vulnerability assessment of low/mid-rise buildings. Vulnerability Global Component of GEM Project, Report number: GEM Technical Report 2015-08 V1.0.0, Affiliation: Global Earthquake Model (GEM).

Domínguez, G., Pacurucu, W. (1995). Estudio de los patios en el Centro Histórico de Cuenca. Tesis de pregrado, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador.

Erdik, M., Cagnan, Z., Demircioglu, M. B., Durukal, E., Hancilar, U., Harmandar, E., Sesetyan, K., Tuzun, C., Yenidogan, C., Zulfikar, A. C. (2008). Deliverable 3 (D3), Report on Development of ELER (Earthquake Loss Estimation Routine) Methodology: Vulnerability relationships. Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismolgy. Disponible en http://www.neries-eu.org/main.php/JRA3_DR_v2.pdf?fileitem=9502731

Espinoza, P., Calle, I. (2002). La cité cuencana: el afrancesamiento de Cuenca en la época republicana (1860-1940). Serie de Cuenca No 1, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador.

FEMA 356. (2000). Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, USA. Disponible en https://www.fema.gov/ media-library/assets/documents/757

FEMA 440. (2005). Improvement of nonlinear static seismic analysis procedures. Technical Report, Project ATC-55, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, California. 392 p.

Gómez, P., Medina, M., Andrade, S., Medina, J. (1986). Crítica arquitectónica de la producción residencial en Cuenca: 1961-1980. Tesis de pregrado, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador.

González, G., Zúñiga, L., Ullauri, C., Cornejo, F. (1980). Arquitectura civil en Cuenca en la época republicana. Tesis de pregrado, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador. pp. 136-221.

Grünthal, G. (1998). European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98). Conseil de L’Europe Cahiers du Centre Européen de Géodynamique et de Séismologie, Vol. 15, 101 p. Disponible en http://www.franceseisme.fr/EMS98_Original_english.pdf

Guyader, A., Iwan, W. (2004). User Guide for AutoCSM: Automated Capacity Spectrum Method of analysis. Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory Report 2004-05, California Institute of Technology.

Jiménez, J. (2002). Vulnerabilidad sísmica de las edificaciones de la ciudad de Cuenca mediante técnicas de simulación. Tesis de maestría, Escuela de Postgrado en Ingeniería y Ciencias, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador. 291 p.

Jiménez, J. (2016). Evaluación sísmica de edificios de mampostería no reforzada típicos de Barcelona: Modelización y revisión de la aplicación del Método del Espectro de Capacidad. Tesis doctoral, Programa de Ingeniería Sísmica y Dinámica Estructural, Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, Barcelona.

Jiménez, N., Peñaherrera, R. (2001). Obtención de acelerogramas sintéticos en base a datos geológicos de la Falla de Girón. XIV Jornadas Nacionales de Ingeniería Estructural, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador.

Kircher, C., Whitman, R., Holmes, W. (2006). HAZUS earthquake loss estimation methods. Natural Hazards Review, 7(2), 45-59.

Knox, C., Ingham, J. (2012). Nonlinear equivalent frame modelling: Assessment of a two-story perforated unreinforced masonry wall. Proceedings of New Zealand Society for Engineering Earthquake, Technical Conference, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Kollerathu, A., Menon, A. (2017). Role of diaphragm flexibility modelling in seismic analysis of existing masonry structures. Structures, 11, 22-39.

Lagomarsino, S., Penna, A., Galasco, A., Cattari, S. (2013). Tremuri program: An equivalent frame model for the non-linear seismic analysis of masonry buildings. Engineering Structures, 56, 1787-1799.

Lagomarsino, S., Cattari, S. (2015a). PERPETUATE guidelines for seismic performance-based assessment of cultural heritage masonry structures. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 13, 13-47.

Lagomarsino, S., Cattari, S. (2015b). Seismic performance of historical masonry structures through pushover and nonlinear dynamic analyses. En: Ansal, A. (Ed.). Perspectives on European Earthquake Engineering and Seismology. Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, Vol 39, pp 265-292. Springer, Cham.

León, K., Luna, L., Sigüencia, M. (1997). Guía arquitectónica de Cuenca. Tesis de pregrado, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador.

LESSLOSS. (2005). Deliverable 84: Report on building stock data and vulnerability data for each case study. Project on Risk Mitigation for Earthquakes and Landslides.

Magenes, G., Calvi, G. M. (1997). In-plane seismic response of brick masonry walls. Earthquake Engineering Structural Dynamics, 26(11), 1091-1112.

Magenes, G. (2000). A method for pushover analysis in seismic assessment of masonry buildings. Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand. Disponible en http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/1866.pdf

Magenes, G., Remino, M., Manzini, C., Morandi, P., Bolognini, D. (2006). SAM II: Software for the simplified seismic analysis of masonry buildings. University of Pavia and EUCENTRE, Pavia, Italia.

Milutinovic, Z., Trendafiloski, G. (2003). WP4: Vulnerability of current buildings. RISK-UE Project handbook: An advanced approach to earthquake risk scenarios with applications to different European towns. 110 p. Disponible en http://www.civil.ist.utl.pt/~mlopes/conteudos/ DamageStates/Risk%20UE%20WP04_Vulnerability.pdf

Molina, S., Lang, D., Lindholm, C. (2010). SELENA: An open-source tool for seismic risk and loss assessment usisng a logic tree computation procedure. Computers and Geosiciences, 36(3), 257-269.

Moon, S., Lee, D. (1994). Effects of in plane floor slab flexibility on the seismic behavior of building structures. Engineering Structures, 16(2), 129-144.

Mouroux, P., Le Brun, B. (2006). Presentation of RISK-UE Project. Bulletin Earthquake Engineering, 4, 323-339.

Moyano, G., Rivera, M. (2002). Arquitectura de líneas rectas: influencia del movimiento moderno en la arquitectura de Cuenca (1950-1965). Tesis de pregrado, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador.

Nakamura, Y., Derakhshan, H., Magenes, G., Griffith, M. (2016). Influence of diaphragm flexibility on seismic response of unreinforced masonry buildings. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 21(1), 1-26.

Park, J. (2016). Investigation of the geometric variation effect on seismic performance of low-rise unreinforced masonry structures through fragility analysis. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 16(1), 93-106.

Pasticier, L., Amadio, C., Fragiacomo, M. (2008). Non-linear seismic analysis and vulnerability evaluation of a masonry building by means of the SAP2000 v.10 Code. Earthquake Engineering Structural Dynamics, 37(3), 467-485.

Red Sísmica del Austro. (2002). Informe Final a FUNDACYT - Proyecto P-BID 400: Amenaza Sísmica en el Austro, Vulnerabilidad y Riesgo Sísmico en la Ciudad de Cuenca, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca.

Rinaldin, G., Amadio, C., Macorini, L. (2016). A macro-model with non-linear springs for seismic analysis of URM buildings. Earthquake Engineering Structural Dynamics, 45(14), 2261-2281.

Rivadeneira, F., Segovia, M., Alvarado, A., Egred, J., Troncoso, L., Vaca, S., Yepes, H. (2007). Breves fundamentos sobre los terremotos en el Ecuador. En: El Riesgo Sísmico en el Ecuador. Instituto Geofísico, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Corporación Editora Nacional, Quito, Ecuador. 101 p. Disponible en http://www.igepn.edu.ec/publicaciones-para-la-comunidad/35-breves-fundamentos-sobre-los-terremotos-en-el-ecuador

Rivera, M. (2008). Juan Bautista Stiehle, arquitecto redentorista: biografía y correspondencia. Editorial Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador, 372 p.

Sadashiva, V., MacRae, G., Deam, B., Spooner, M. (2012). Quantifying the seismic response of structures with flexible diaphragms. Earthquake Engineering Structural Dynamics, 41(10), 1365-1389.

Published

2018-06-28

How to Cite

Jiménez, J., Cabrera, J., Sánchez, J., & Avilés, F. (2018). Seismic vulnerability of the built heritage of the Historic Center of the City of Cuenca: General guidelines and progress of the project. Maskana, 9(1), 59–78. https://doi.org/10.18537/mskn.09.01.07

Issue

Section

Research articles