Minería: de una actividad conflictiva a una colaborativa. Una revisión de la literatura.

Autores/as

  • Jan Feyen Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca (DIUC), Av. 12 de Abril s/n, Cuenca, Ecuador.
  • Patricio Crespo Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias Ambientales (iDRHICA) & Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Av. 12 de Abril s/n, Cuenca, Ecuador.
  • Rolando Célleri Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias Ambientales (iDRHICA) & Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Av. 12 de Abril s/n, Cuenca, Ecuador.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18537/mskn.06.02.06

Palabras clave:

minería, modelo corporativo, comunicación, colaboración, impactos ambientales, mitigación, remediación, restauración, Ecuador

Resumen

Este artículo contrapone la actitud de confrontación entre las comunidades locales impulsadas por grupos de presión, en algunos casos con el apoyo de los gobiernos locales y las empresas mineras que pueden transformar su relación siguiendo un modelo de comunicación y cooperación empresarial. Varias de las grandes empresas mineras han adoptado recientemente un modelo de negociación corporativa, en el cual se considera un amplio espacio para tomar en cuenta las aspiraciones sociales y económicas de las comunidades que habitan en sectores de influencia de los proyectos mineros. Acciones propuestas que contribuyen a una actitud de colaboración son la inversión de tiempo en la creación de un modelo de comunicación, la negociación de acuerdos de impacto y beneficio mutuo, la participación de miembros de la comunidad en la organización y explotación de los servicios y el suministro de bienes, la capacitación de los comuneros en conservación y técnicas de restauración y las tecnologías relacionadas, y dotar de infraestructura y equipamiento que permita que las comunidades desarrollen actividades económicas independientes que se puedan mantener después del cierre de la mina. La participación de la comunidad científica local, eventualmente en asociación con los ecologistas, en las actividades de monitoreo, mitigación, rehabilitación y restauración ayudará a este sector a desarrollar las capacidades, lo cual será beneficioso para dar soporte a los programas educativos y de investigación relacionados a la temática. La participación de los gobiernos nacionales está relacionada a mejorar el marco legal y al desarrollo de protocolos de monitoreo más eficientes que permitan verificar si la mina se desarrolla de manera ética, social y ambientalmente responsable.

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2015-12-15

Cómo citar

Feyen, J., Crespo, P., & Célleri, R. (2015). Minería: de una actividad conflictiva a una colaborativa. Una revisión de la literatura. Maskana, 6(2), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.18537/mskn.06.02.06

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