Evaluación tecno-económica y ambiental de la producción de acetato de etilo por vía química y biológica
Resumen
El acetato de etilo es uno de los compuestos químicos más producidos a nivel industrial ya que es uno de los disolventes orgánicos más ampliamente utilizados. Las importaciones de este para el año 2013 en Colombia alcanzaron las 3.000 toneladas. En este trabajo se muestra el proceso de obtención de acetato de etilo planteado por dos rutas diferentes, una química y una biológica (enzimática). Se realizaron comparaciones tecno-económicas y ambientales de las síntesis de este utilizando el paquete comercial Aspen Plus v8.2 (Aspen Technology, Inc., USA) para realizar la evaluación tecno-económica y el Algoritmo de Reducción de Residuos de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de EE.UU. (EPA) para realizar la evaluación ambiental. Como resultados se obtuvo un menor costo en el producto por la vía química (2,77 USD/kg) en comparación con la biológica (8,55 USD/kg). Sin embargo, se observa que en términos del impacto ambiental el proceso por síntesis biológica presente mejores resultados con un índice de impacto ambiental calculado (PEI) con una reducción de aproximadamente del 98% a favor del proceso biológico. La ruta biológica es considerablemente más nueva por lo que aún requiere más investigación, pero la reducción del impacto ambiental que ofrece es un incentivo de su gran potencial para continuar intensificándola.
Ethyl acetate is one of the most produced chemical compounds in industry, given its wide use as an organic solvent. Importations of this acetate reached 3.000 tonnes in Colombia for the year 2013. This work shows the production process of the ethyl acetate in two different pathways, a chemical and a biological (enzymatic) one. Techno-economic and environmental comparisons were performed for the synthesis using the commercial software Aspen Plus v8.2 (Aspen Technology, Inc., USA) for the technoeconomic evaluation and the Waste Reduction Algorithm of the Environmental Protection Agency of the EE.UU. (EPA) for the environmental assessment. As a result, a lower production cost was obtained for the chemical pathway (2,77 USD/kg) regarding the biologic (8,55 USD/kg). However, from an environmental perspective, the biological pathway presents better results given that the calculated environmental impact index shows a reduction of approximately 98% favoring the biological pathway. The biological pathway is considerably newer and therefore it requires further research, however, the offered reduction of the environmental impact is an incentive of its great potential and hence promotes the intensification of this pathway.
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