Análisis del proceso de extracción de antioxidantes del hueso de oliva
Resumen
El cultivo del olivo se ha extendido mundialmente como consecuencia de los efectos benéficos del consumo de aceite de oliva. En el proceso de producción del aceite de oliva, el hueso de olivo es el principal residuo sólido generado. Las industrias de oliva de mesa también constituyen una de las mayores fuentes de hueso de olivo. Actualmente, dicho residuo es utilizado para producir energía como electricidad y calor mediante combustión directa. Sin embargo, existen otras posibilidades para aprovechar completamente esta fuente renovable y su valorización supondría una mejora económica para los agricultores. Además de su alto contenido de lignocellulósicos, el hueso de olivo se caracteriza también por contener compuestos fenólicos con propiedades antimicóticas y antibacterianas. Es por esta razón, que en este trabajo se propone la extracción de compuestos con actividad antioxidante mediante un proceso con fluidos supercríticos del hueso de oliva. Estas moléculas bioactivas pueden ser utilizadas en las industrias de alimentos, cosméticos, alimentos funcionales y aditivos nutracéuticos. Al realizar el análisis de porcentaje de inhibición con el método de DPPH se encontró una capacidad antioxidante de 5.63 mg trolox equivalente (TE) por g materia seca.
Olive tree cultivation is spreading worldwide due to the beneficial effects of olive oil consumption. Olive oil production process and table olive industries are the major sources of olive stones. Currently, this by-product is used in direct combustion to produce energy as electricity or heat. However, there are other possibilities for taking full advantage of this renewable source, and its recovery would represent an economic improvement for farmers. The olive stone not only contains primarily lignocellulosic, but also it has revealed the presence of phenolic compounds with antifungal and antibacterial properties. For this reason, in this work the extraction of antioxidant compounds is proposed as a process with supercritical fluids for olive stone. These bioactive molecules can be used in the food industry, cosmetics, functional foods, and nutraceuticals additives. During the analysis of percent inhibition of DPPH method, an antioxidant capacity of 5.63 mg trolox equivalent (TE) per g dry matter was found.
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