Modelado cinético y matemático de la reacción de gasificación catalítica de la glucosa en agua en condiciones supercríticas para la producción de hidrógeno
Resumen
El Hidrógeno producido a partir de la biomasa procedente de los residuos de la planta de banano es considerado como un combustible altamente eficiente. Uno de los métodos más limpios para su obtención es la gasificación catalítica en agua en condiciones supercríticas, en donde se transforman los polisacáridos constitutivos de la biomasa (celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina) en productos gaseosos de elevado valor. En el desarrollo de la reacción de gasificación es importante el diseño de un reactor de forma que este proporcione el hidrógeno de manera segura y respetuosa con el medio ambiente. De los elementos que determinan el diseño de un reactor, en este artículo se estudiaron la cinética intrínseca y el balance de materia. En la cinética de la reacción se tomó como compuesto modelo de la biomasa a la glucosa, por ser el grupo estructural representante de la celulosa. Se develaron las diferentes reacciones intermedias que influyen en el rendimiento a hidrógeno. Posteriormente, se planteó la ecuación de balance diferencial para la glucosa, modelo matemático que fue resuelto mediante Fortran 95 aplicando el algoritmo numérico de Thomas. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que a fracciones másicas más bajas de glucosa los niveles de conversión son más elevados.
Hydrogen produced from banana biomass waste is considered as a highly efficient biofuel. One of the cleanest methods for its obtention is the catalytic supercritical water gasification, wherein the constituent polysaccharides of biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) convert into high value gaseous products. It is important the design of a chemical reactor for this process due to the necessity of achieving the hydrogen production in a reliable way. Among the elements that determine the reactor design, in this article were studied the intrinsic kinetic and material balance. First, a kinetic study of the reaction was performed using the glucose as model compound owing to it is the most important structural component of the cellulose. It was revealed several intermediate reactions that influenced on the yield for hydrogen. Later, it was performed a differential species balance for the glucose. It was solved in Fortran 95 applying the Thomas numerical algorithm. The results showed that at lower mass fractions of glucose, the higher levels of conversion
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