Evaluación de la producción de biogás a partir de residuos orgánicos putrescibles en la ciudad de México
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se llevó a cabo la digestión anaerobia de residuos orgánicos para la producción de biogás en tres reactores de vidrio con volumen de 4,2 l y volumen de operación de 2,0 l. La digestión se llevó a cabo sin agitación y a temperatura ambiente de la ciudad de México. Dos digestores (D1 y D2) fueron alimentados con 9 g/l de diversos residuos de frutas y verduras, el tercer digestor (D3) fue alimentado únicamente con cáscara y pulpa de plátano. Se monitoreó la producción diaria de biogás a los largo de 217 días; se obtuvo una producción promedio de 497 y 477 ml para D1 y D2 respectivamente, en el caso de D3 se obtuvieron 520 ml. Se realizó la detección de ácidos orgánicos por HPLC, se detectó una concentración promedio de 3,55 y 4,55 g/L de ácido acético en D1 y D2 respectivamente y 7,36 g/l para el D3, también se midieron, propiónico, butírico, succínico y láctico. Se midió la producción de metano obteniéndose un máximo de 0,806, 0,688 y 0,136 mmol CH4/gSV/h para los digestores D1, D2 y D3 respectivamente.
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2. Winkler, J. and Bilitewski, B. Comparative evaluation of life cycle assessment models for solid waste management. Waste Management, 2007, (27), 1021-1031. ISSN: 1614-7502
3. Chen, X., Geng, Y. and Fujita T. An overview of municipal solid waste management in China. Waste Management, 2010, (30)4, 716-724.
4. SEMARNAT, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, México 2012
5. Abu-Zeid, N., Bianchini, G., Santarato, G. and Vaccaro, C. Geochemical characterization and geophysical mapping of Landfill leachates: the Marozzo canal case study (NE Italy). Environmental Geology, 2004, (45)4, 439-447, 2004. ISSN: 1432-0495.
6. Einola, J.K., Karhu, A.E and Rintala, J.A. Mechanically-biologically treated municipal solid waste as a support médium for microbial methane oxidation to mitigate landfill greenhouse emissions. Waste Management, 2008, (38)1, 97-111.
7. Kelleher, B.P., Leahy, J.J., Henihan, A.M., O’Dwyer, T.F., Sutton, D. and Leahy, M.J. Advances in poultry litter disposal technology-a review. Bioresource Technology, 2000, (83), 27-26.
8. Ward, A.J., Hobbs, P.J., Holliman, P.J. and Jones, D.L. Optimisation of the anaerobic digestion of agricultural resources. Bioresource Technology, 2008, (99), 7928-7940.
9. Kalia, V.C., Sonakya, V. and Raizada, N. Anaerobic digestion of banana stem waste. Bioresource Technology, (23)2, 191-193.
10. Gómez, X., Cuetos, M.J., Cara, J., Morán, A. and García, A.I. Anaerobic co-digestion of primary sludge and the fruit and vegetable fraction of the municipal solid wastes: Conditions for mixing and evaluation of the organic loading rate. Renewable Energy, 2006, (31)12, 2017-2024.
11. Torres, P. y Pérez, A. Actividad metanogénica específica. Una herramienta de control y optimización de sistemas de tratamiento anaerobio de aguas residuals. Ingeniería de los recursos naturales del ambiente, 2010, (9). ISSN: 1692-9918.
12. Castillo, E., Cristancho, D.E. and Arellano, A.V. A study of operational conditions for anaerobic digestion of solid urban waste. Revista colombiana de biotecnología, 2003, (2)5, 11-22. ISSN: 0123-3475.
13. Cardona, C., Sánchez, O., Ramírez, J. y Alzate, L. Biodegradación de residuos orgánicos de plaza de mercado. Revista colombiana de biotecnología, 2004, (6)2, 78-89. ISSN: 0123-3475.
14. Chaiprasert, P., Bhumiratana, S. and Tanticharoen, M. Mesophil and termophilic anerobic digestion of pineapple Cannery wastes. Thammasat International Journal Science Technology, 2001, (6)2, 1-9.
15. Vazquez, V., Valderi, D.L. and Jurandyr, P. Digestión anaerobia de residuo sólido generado en restaurante inoculado con lodo de reactores UASB. Congreso Interamericano de Ingeniería Sanitaria y Ambiental XXV, México 1996.
16. Chanakya, H.N., Shrama, I. and Ramachandra, T.V. Micro-scale anaerobic digestion of point source components of organic fraction. Waste Management, 2009, (29)4, 1306-1312.
17. Sundararajan, R., Jayanthi, S. and Elango, R. Anaerobic digestion of organic fractions of municipal solid waste and domestic sewage of Coimbatore. Indian Journal of Environmental Health, 1997, (39)3, 193-196. ISSN: 0367-827X.
18. Lim, S.J., Kim, B.J., Jeong, C.M., Ahn, Y.H. and Chang, H.N. Anaerobic organic acid production of food waste in once day feeding and drawing-off bioreactor. Bioresource Technology, 2008, (99), 7866-7874. ISSN: 0960-8524.
19. Viturtia, A., Mata, J., Cecchi, F. and Fazzini, G. Two-phase anaerobic digestion of a mixture of fruit and vegetable wastes. Biological Wastes, 1989, (29), 189–199.
20. Wu, M., Sun, K. and Zhang, Y. Influence of temperature fluctuation on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of municipal organic solid waste. Journal Zhejiang University Science B, 2006, (7)3, 180-185. ISSN: 1673-1581.
21. Özmen, P. and Solmaz, A. Biogas production from municipal waste mixed with different portions of orange peel. Master Thesis, University of Böras, 2009
22. Gunaseelan, V. Biochemical methane potential of fruit and vegetable solid waste feedstocks. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2009, (26), 389-399.
23. Viswanath, P., Sumithra, S. and Nand, K. Anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable processing wastes for biogas production. Bioresource Technology, 1992, (40)1, 43-48.
24. Rabaey, K., Lissens, G., Siciliano, S.D. and Verstraete, W. A microbial fuel cell capable of converting glucose to electricity at high rate and efficiency. Biotechnology Letters, 2003, (25), 1531-1535.
25. Cheng, S., Liu, H. and Logan, B.E. Power densities using different cathode catalysts (Pt and CoTMPP) and polymer binders (nafion and PTFE) in single chamber microbial fuel cells. Environmental Science and Technology, 2006, (40), 364-369.
26. Rabaey, K. and Verstraete, W. Microbial fuel cells: novel biotechnology for energy generation. Trends in Biotechnology, 2005, (23)6, 291-298. ISSN: 0167-7799.
27. Nevin, K.P., Richeter, H., Covalla, S.F., Johnson, J.P., Woodard, T.L., Orloff, A.L., Jia, H., Zhang, M. and Lovley, D.R. Power output and coulumbic efficiencies from biofilms of Geobacter sulfurreducens comparable to mixed community microbial fuel cells. Environmental Microbiology, 2008, (10)10, 2505-2514.
28. Pant, D., Van Bogaert, G., Diels, L. and Vanbroekhovem, K. A review of the substrates used in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for sustainable energy production. Bioresource Technology, 2010, (101)6, 1533-1543.
29. Rezaei, F., Xing, D., Wagner, R., Regan, J.M., Richard, T.L. and Logan, B.E. Simultaneous Cellulose Degradation and Electricity Production by Enterobacter cloacae in a Microbial Fuel Cell. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009, (75)11, 3673-3678.
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2015-07-17
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