Properties of tricalcium silicate-based endodontic cements. Literature review

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18537/fouc.v03.n01.a03

Keywords:

endodontic sealant, bioactivity, tricalcium silicates, bioceramics, endodontics

Abstract

Introduction: Tricalcium silicate-based cements is widely used in endodontic treatment due to its excellent bioactive properties that can stimulate the host to produce the desired tissue response. Howevernone of these materials currently meets all the characteristics described by Grossman as an ideal sealer. Objective: This literature review focuses on the characteristics and generalities of bioceramic sealers, in addition to providing updated information to promote future research on them and their applications in endodontics. Methodology:
Information was searched based on terms related to endodontics in scientific platforms: Elsevier, MDPI, PubMed (MEDLINE) and ResearchGate, followed by a review of articles related to calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers. Conclusion: The appeal of bioceramics lies in their excellent physical, chemical and biological properties, but due to the lack of information on long-term performance, further research is needed to justify their use over conventional sealers.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Washio A, Miura H, Morotomi T, et al. Effect of Bioactive Glass-Based Root Canal Sealer on the Incidence of Postoperative Pain after Root Canal Obturation. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(23):8857. doi:10.3390/ijerph17238857

Wells C, Dulong C, McCormack S. Vital Pulp Therapy for Endodontic Treatment of Mature Teeth: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2019. Acceso Julio 19, 2024. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546327/

Basrani B, Haapasalo M. Update on endodontic irrigating solutions: Update on endodontic irrigating solutions. Endod Top. 2012;27(1):74-102. doi:10.1111/etp.12031

Soares IJ, Goldberg F. Endodoncia, Tecnicas y fundamentos. Segunda. Panamericana; 2012. Acceso Noviembre 6, 2022. https://www.academia.edu/8226348/Soares_and_Goldberg_ENDODONCIA_TECNICA_Y_FUNDAMENTOS

Tronstad L. Clinical Endodontics. Tercera. Thieme; 2009. https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ebooks/book/10.1055/b-002-66245

Canalda C, Brau, Esteve. Endodoncia técnicas clínicas y bases científicas. 3era ed. Elsevier; 2014. Acceso Noviembre 15, 2022. https://booksmedicos.org/endodoncia-tecnicas-clinicas-y-bases-cientificas-canalda-3a-edicion/

Siqueira JF. Endodontic infections: concepts, paradigms, and perspectives. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2002;94(3):281-293. doi:10.1067/moe.2002.126163

Zubizarreta-Macho Á, Rico-Romano C, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, et al. Adding Two Antimicrobial Glasses to an Endodontic Sealer to Prevent Bacterial Root Canal Reinfection: An In Vivo Pilot Study in Dogs. Antibiot Basel Switz. 2021;10(10):1183. doi:10.3390/antibiotics10101183

Alghamdi F, Shakir M. The Influence of Enterococcus faecalis as a Dental Root Canal Pathogen on Endodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7257. doi:10.7759/cureus.7257

Singh G, Gupta I, Elshamy FMM, Boreak N, Homeida HE. In vitro comparison of antibacterial properties of bioceramic-based sealer, resin-based sealer and zinc oxide eugenol based sealer and two mineral trioxide aggregates. Eur J Dent. 2016;10(3):366-369. doi:10.4103/1305-7456.184145

Candeiro GTM, Moura-Netto C, D’Almeida-Couto RS, et al. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antibacterial effectiveness of a bioceramic endodontic sealer. Int Endod J. 2016;49(9):858-864. doi:10.1111/iej.12523

Washio A, Morotomi T, Yoshii S, Kitamura C. Bioactive Glass-Based Endodontic Sealer as a Promising Root Canal Filling Material without Semisolid Core Materials. Mater Basel Switz. 2019;12(23):3967. doi:10.3390/ma12233967

Huang G, Liu SY, Wu JL, Qiu D, Dong YM. A novel bioactive glass-based root canal sealer in endodontics. J Dent Sci. 2022;17(1):217-224. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2021.04.018

Rebolledo S, Alcántara‐Dufeu R, Luengo Machuca L, Ferrada L, Sánchez‐Sanhueza GA. Real‐time evaluation of the biocompatibility of calcium silicate‐based endodontic cements: An in vitro study. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2023;9(2):322-331. doi:10.1002/cre2.714

Mu S, Guo S, Wang X, et al. Effects of deferoxamine on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. Mol Med Rep. 2017;16(6):9579-9586. doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.7810

Godiny M, Hatam R, Khavid A, Khanlari S. Apical microleakage in root canals containing broken rotary Instruments. Iran Endod J. 2017;12(3):360-365. doi:10.22037/iej.v12i3.16656

Donnermeyer D, Schemkämper P, Bürklein S, Schäfer E. Short and Long-Term Solubility, Alkalizing Effect, and Thermal Persistence of Premixed Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers: AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer vs. Total Fill BC Sealer. Mater Basel Switz. 2022;15(20):7320. doi:10.3390/ma15207320

Khatib MS, Devarasanahalli SV, Aswathanarayana RM, Das P, Nadig RR. Comparison of the sealing ability of Endocem mineral trioxide aggregate and Endoseal mineral trioxide aggregate as a furcal perforation repair material under the operating microscope: An: in-vitro: study. Endodontology. 2019;31(1):25. doi:10.4103/endo.endo_49_18

Dastorani M, Shourvarzi B, Nojoumi F, Ajami M. Comparison of bacterial microleakage of endoseal MTA sealer and Pro-Root MTA in root perforation. J Dent. 2021;22(2):96-101. doi:10.30476/DENTJODS.2020.86042.1164

Elsayed MA, Hassanien EE, Elgendy AAE. Ageing of TotalFill BC Sealer and MTA Fillapex in Simulated Body Fluid. Eur Endod J. 2021;6(2):183-188. doi:10.14744/eej.2020.43043

Souza LC de, Neves GST, Kirkpatrick T, Letra A, Silva R. Physicochemical and Biological Properties of AH Plus Bioceramic. J Endod. 2023;49(1):69-76. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2022.10.009

Carvalho CN, Grazziotin-Soares R, de Miranda Candeiro GT, et al. Micro Push-out Bond Strength and Bioactivity Analysis of a Bioceramic Root Canal Sealer. Iran Endod J. 2017;12(3):343-348. doi:10.22037/iej.v12i3.16091

Raghavendra SS, Jadhav GR, Gathani KM, Kotadia P. Bioceramics in endodontics - a review. J Istanb Univ Fac Dent. 2017;51(3 Suppl 1):S128-S137. doi:10.17096/jiufd.63659

Ford TR, Torabinejad M, McKendry DJ, Hong CU, Kariyawasam SP. Use of mineral trioxide aggregate for repair of furcal perforations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995;79(6):756-763. doi:10.1016/s1079-2104(05)80313-0

Primus CM, Tay FR, Niu LN. Bioactive tri/dicalcium silicate cements for treatment of pulpal and periapical tissues. Acta Biomater. 2019;96:35-54. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.050

Mente J. Agregado trióxido mineral Indicaciones y descripción de la aplicación clínica práctica por medio de ejemplos clínicos. Quintessence. 2010;23(8):366-377.

Aminoshariae A, Primus C, Kulild JC. Tricalcium silicate cement sealers: Do the potential benefits of bioactivity justify the drawbacks? J Am Dent Assoc 1939. 2022;153(8):750-760. doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2022.01.004

Al-Haddad A, Che Ab Aziz ZA. Bioceramic-based root canal sealers: A review. Int J Biomater. 2016;2016:9753210. doi:10.1155/2016/9753210

Zhekov KI, Stefanova VP. Retreatability of Bioceramic Endodontic Sealers: a Review. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2020;62(2):258-264. doi:10.3897/folmed.62.e47690

Toubes KS de, Tonelli SQ, Girelli CFM, et al. Bio-C Repair - A New Bioceramic Material for Root Perforation Management: Two Case Reports. Braz Dent J. 2021;32(1):104-110. doi:10.1590/0103-6440202103568

Jitaru S, Hodisan I, Timis L, Lucian A, Bud M. The use of bioceramics in endodontics - literature review. Clujul Med 1957. 2016;89(4):470-473. doi:10.15386/cjmed-612

Estivalet MS, de Araújo LP, Immich F, et al. Bioactivity Potential of Bioceramic-Based Root Canal Sealers: A Scoping Review. Life Basel Switz. 2022;12(11):1853. doi:10.3390/life12111853

Alves Silva EC, Tanomaru-Filho M, da Silva GF, Delfino MM, Cerri PS, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM. Biocompatibility and Bioactive Potential of New Calcium Silicate-based Endodontic Sealers: Bio-C Sealer and Sealer Plus BC. J Endod. 2020;46(10):1470-1477. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2020.07.011

ISO-6876-2012.pdf. Acceso Noviembre 1, 2023. https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/45117/156552b2173544abb2ec028d05f55ad9/ISO-6876-2012.pdf

Guivarc’h M, Jeanneau C, Giraud T, et al. An international survey on the use of calcium silicate-based sealers in non-surgical endodontic treatment. Clin Oral Investig. 2020;24(1):417-424. doi:10.1007/s00784-019-02920-1

Abusrewil SM, McLean W, Scott JA. The use of Bioceramics as root-end filling materials in periradicular surgery: A literature review. Saudi Dent J. 2018;30(4):273-282. doi:10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.07.004

Camilleri J. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Dentistry: From Preparation to Application.; 2014:206. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55157-4

Balbinot G de S, Leitune VCB, Nunes JS, Visioli F, Collares FM. Synthesis of sol–gel derived calcium silicate particles and development of a bioactive endodontic cement. Dent Mater. 2020;36(1):135-144. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2019.11.004

Siboni F, Taddei P, Zamparini F, Prati C, Gandolfi MG. Properties of BioRoot RCS, a tricalcium silicate endodontic sealer modified with povidone and polycarboxylate. Int Endod J. 2017;50 Suppl 2:e120-e136. doi:10.1111/iej.12856

Demirci GK, Kaval ME, Kurt SM, et al. Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry Analysis and Radiopacity of Five Different Root Canal Sealers. Braz Dent J. 2021;32(5):1-11. doi:10.1590/0103-6440202104638

Zamparini F, Prati C, Taddei P, Spinelli A, Di Foggia M, Gandolfi MG. Chemical-Physical Properties and Bioactivity of New Premixed Calcium Silicate-Bioceramic Root Canal Sealers. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(22):13914. doi:10.3390/ijms232213914

Estrela C, Decurcio D de A, Rossi-Fedele G, Silva JA, Guedes OA, Borges ÁH. Root perforations: a review of diagnosis, prognosis and materials. Braz Oral Res. 2018;32(suppl 1):e73. doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0073

Abu Zeid ST, Alnoury A. Characterisation of the Bioactivity and the Solubility of a New Root Canal Sealer. Int Dent J. 2023;73(5):760-769. doi:10.1016/j.identj.2023.04.003

Cardinali F, Camilleri J. A critical review of the material properties guiding the clinician’s choice of root canal sealers. Clin Oral Investig. 2023;27(8):4147-4155. doi:10.1007/s00784-023-05140-w

Gandolfi MG, Taddei P, Modena E, Siboni F, Prati C. Biointeractivity-related versus chemi/physisorption-related apatite precursor-forming ability of current root end filling materials. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2013;101(7):1107-1123. doi:10.1002/jbm.b.32920

Patri G, Agrawal P, Anushree N, Arora S, Kunjappu JJ, Shamsuddin SV. A Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Sealing Potential and Marginal Adaptation of Different Root Canal Sealers to Dentin: An In Vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2020;21(1):73-77.

Fernández R, Restrepo JS, Aristizábal DC, Álvarez LG. Evaluation of the filling ability of artificial lateral canals using calcium silicate-based and epoxy resin-based endodontic sealers and two gutta-percha filling techniques. Int Endod J. 2016;49(4):365-373. doi:10.1111/iej.12454

Wang Y, Liu S, Dong Y. In vitro study of dentinal tubule penetration and filling quality of bioceramic sealer. PloS One. 2018;13(2):e0192248. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192248

Ersahan S, Aydin C. Solubility and apical sealing characteristics of a new calcium silicate-based root canal sealer in comparison to calcium hydroxide-, methacrylate resin- and epoxy resin-based sealers. Acta Odontol Scand. 2013;71(3-4):857-862. doi:10.3109/00016357.2012.734410

Pawar SS, Pujar MA, Makandar SD. Evaluation of the apical sealing ability of bioceramic sealer, AH plus & epiphany: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent JCD. 2014;17(6):579-582. doi:10.4103/0972-0707.144609

Kaul S, Kumar A, Badiyani BK, Sukhtankar L, Madhumitha M, Kumar A. Comparison of sealing ability of Bioceramic Sealer, AH Plus, and GuttaFlow in conservatively prepared curved Root canals obturated with single-cone technique: An in vitro study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2021;13(Suppl 1):S857-S860. doi:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_52_21

Carvalho-Junior JR, Correr-Sobrinho L, Correr AB, Sinhoreti MAC, Consani S, Sousa-Neto MD. Solubility and dimensional change after setting of root canal sealers: a proposal for smaller dimensions of test samples. J Endod. 2007;33(9):1110-1116. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2007.06.004

Tanomaru-Filho M, Torres FFE, Chávez-Andrade GM, et al. Physicochemical Properties and Volumetric Change of Silicone/Bioactive Glass and Calcium Silicate-based Endodontic Sealers. J Endod. 2017;43(12):2097-2101. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2017.07.005

Baras BH, Wang S, Melo MAS, et al. Novel bioactive root canal sealer with antibiofilm and remineralization properties. J Dent. 2019;83:67-76. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2019.02.006

Guerrero F, Mendoza A, Ribas D, Aspiazu K. Apexification: A systematic review. J Conserv Dent JCD. 2018;21(5):462. doi:10.4103/JCD.JCD_96_18

Asawaworarit W, Pinyosopon T, Kijsamanmith K. Comparison of apical sealing ability of bioceramic sealer and epoxy resin-based sealer using the fluid filtration technique and scanning electron microscopy. J Dent Sci. 2020;15(2):186-192. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2019.09.010

Donnermeyer D, S B, T D, E S. Endodontic sealers based on calcium silicates: a systematic review. Odontology. 2019;107(4). doi:10.1007/s10266-018-0400-3

Monteiro Bramante C, Demarchi ACCO, de Moraes IG, et al. Presence of arsenic in different types of MTA and white and gray Portland cement. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;106(6):909-913. doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.07.018

Garrib M, Camilleri J. Retreatment efficacy of hydraulic calcium silicate sealers used in single cone obturation. J Dent. 2020;98:103370. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103370

Jevnikar AP, Malgaj T, Radan K, Özden I, Kušter M, Kocjan A. Rheological Properties and Setting Kinetics of Bioceramic Hydraulic Cements: ProRoot MTA versus RS. Mater Basel Switz. 2023;16(8):3174. doi:10.3390/ma16083174

Ginebra MP, Fernández E, De Maeyer EA, et al. Setting reaction and hardening of an apatitic calcium phosphate cement. J Dent Res. 1997;76(4):905-912. doi:10.1177/00220345970760041201

Komabayashi T, Colmenar D, Cvach N, Bhat A, Primus C, Imai Y. Comprehensive review of current endodontic sealers. Dent Mater J. 2020;39(5):703-720. doi:10.4012/dmj.2019-288

Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties of Bioceramic Materials in Endodontics. Mater Basel Switz. 2021;14(24):7594. doi:10.3390/ma14247594

Wang Z. Bioceramic materials in endodontics. Endod Top. 2015;32(1):3-30. doi:10.1111/etp.12075

Güven EP, Taşlı PN, Yalvac ME, Sofiev N, Kayahan MB, Sahin F. In vitro comparison of induction capacity and biomineralization ability of mineral trioxide aggregate and a bioceramic root canal sealer. Int Endod J. 2013;46(12):1173-1182. doi:10.1111/iej.12115

Haapasalo M, Parhar M, Huang X, Wei X, James L, Shen Y. Clinical use of bioceramic materials. Endod Top. 2015;32. doi:10.1111/etp.12078

Seron MA, Nunes GP, Ferrisse TM, et al. Postoperative pain after root canal filling with bioceramic sealers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Odontology. 2023;111(4):793-812. doi:10.1007/s10266-023-00830-z

Zamparini F, Lenzi J, Duncan HF, Spinelli A, Gandolfi MG, Prati C. The efficacy of premixed bioceramic sealers versus standard sealers on root canal treatment outcome, extrusion rate and post-obturation pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J. 2024;57(8):1021-1042. doi:10.1111/iej.14069

Elias VV, Lima RB, Lucisano MP, et al. Inflammatory response to bioceramic and epoxy resin-based endodontic sealers implanted in mice subcutaneous tissue: An in vivo study. Microsc Res Tech. 2024;87(10):2447-2458. doi:10.1002/jemt.24631

Bramante CM, Kato MM, Assis GF de, et al. Biocompatibility and setting time of CPM-MTA and white Portland cement clinker with or without calcium sulfate. J Appl Oral Sci Rev FOB. 2013;21(1):32-36. doi:10.1590/1678-7757201302200

Sanz JL, Guerrero-Gironés J, Pecci-Lloret MP, Pecci-Lloret MR, Melo M. Biological interactions between calcium silicate-based endodontic biomaterials and periodontal ligament stem cells: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Int Endod J. 2021;54(11):2025-2043. doi:10.1111/iej.13600

Zordan-Bronzel CL, Esteves Torres FF, Tanomaru-Filho M, Chávez-Andrade GM, Bosso-Martelo R, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM. Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of a New Calcium Silicate-based Sealer, Bio-C Sealer. J Endod. 2019;45(10):1248-1252. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2019.07.006

Prati C, Gandolfi MG. Calcium silicate bioactive cements: Biological perspectives and clinical applications. Dent Mater Off Publ Acad Dent Mater. 2015;31(4):351-370. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2015.01.004

López-García S, Sanz JL, Murcia L, et al. Assessment of the anti-inflammatory and biological properties of Bioroot Flow: A novel bioceramic sealer. Tissue Cell. 2024;88:102391. doi:10.1016/j.tice.2024.102391

Muramatsu T, Kashiwagi S, Ishizuka H, et al. Alkaline extracellular conditions promote the proliferation and mineralization of a human cementoblast cell line. Int Endod J. 2019;52(5):639-645. doi:10.1111/iej.13044

Song X, Díaz-Cuenca A. Sol-Gel Synthesis of Endodontic Cements: Post-Synthesis Treatment to Improve Setting Performance and Bioactivity. Mater Basel Switz. 2022;15(17):6051. doi:10.3390/ma15176051

Zamparini F, Siboni F, Prati C, Taddei P, Gandolfi MG. Properties of calcium silicate-monobasic calcium phosphate materials for endodontics containing tantalum pentoxide and zirconium oxide. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(1):445-457. doi:10.1007/s00784-018-2453-7

Siboni F, Taddei P, Prati C, Gandolfi MG. Properties of NeoMTA Plus and MTA Plus cements for endodontics. Int Endod J. 2017;50 Suppl 2:e83-e94. doi:10.1111/iej.12787

Han L, Kodama S, Okiji T. Evaluation of calcium-releasing and apatite-forming abilities of fast-setting calcium silicate-based endodontic materials. Int Endod J. 2015;48(2):124-130. doi:10.1111/iej.12290

Sebastian S, El-Sayed W, Adtani P, et al. Evaluation of the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of TotalFill and NeoSEALER flo bioceramic sealers. J Conserv Dent Endod. 2024;27(5):491-497. doi:10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_103_24

Lim ES, Park YB, Kwon YS, Shon WJ, Lee KW, Min KS. Physical properties and biocompatibility of an injectable calcium-silicate-based root canal sealer: in vitro and in vivo study. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15(1):129. doi:10.1186/s12903-015-0112-9

Baldi JV, Bernardes RA, Duarte M a. H, et al. Variability of physicochemical properties of an epoxy resin sealer taken from different parts of the same tube. Int Endod J. 2012;45(10):915-920. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02049.x

Timis L, Gorea M, Har N, et al. Biomineralization ability of an experimental bioceramic endodontic sealer based on nanoparticles of calcium silicates. Med Pharm Rep. 2023;96(4):434-440. doi:10.15386/mpr-2660

Lim M, Jung C, Shin DH, Cho Y bum, Song M. Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers: a literature review. Restor Dent Endod. 2020;45(3):e35. doi:10.5395/rde.2020.45.e35

Gandolfi MG, Siboni F, Botero T, Bossù M, Riccitiello F, Prati C. Calcium silicate and calcium hydroxide materials for pulp capping: biointeractivity, porosity, solubility and bioactivity of current formulations. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2015;13(1):43-60. doi:10.5301/jabfm.5000201

Gandolfi MG, Taddei P, Siboni F, Modena E, Ciapetti G, Prati C. Development of the foremost light-curable calcium-silicate MTA cement as root-end in oral surgery. Chemical-physical properties, bioactivity and biological behavior. Dent Mater Off Publ Acad Dent Mater. 2011;27(7):e134-157. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2011.03.011

Manjila JC, Vijay R, Srirekha A, Santhosh L, Reddy J, Srinivasan A. Apical microleakage in root canals with separated rotary instruments obturated with different endodontic sealers. J Conserv Dent JCD. 2022;25(3):274-277. doi:10.4103/jcd.jcd_569_21

Published

2025-01-31

How to Cite

Soria Sánchez, F. G. (2025). Properties of tricalcium silicate-based endodontic cements. Literature review. Revista De La Facultad De Odontología De La Universidad De Cuenca, 3(1), 28–41. https://doi.org/10.18537/fouc.v03.n01.a03