Prevalencia de alergia alimentaria auto-reportada en adolescentes de Cuenca y Santa Isabel - Ecuador
Resumen
La alergia alimentaria (AA) se asocia con el desarrollo de enfermedades atópicas y anafilaxia en adolescentes. Se determinó y comparó, entre adolescentes de Cuenca y Santa Isabel: i) la prevalencia de AA auto-reportada, ii) los alérgenos alimentarios comunes y iii) las enfermedades atópicas auto-reportadas. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en adolescentes de Cuenca (n=967) y Santa Isabel (n=498) entre julio de 2013 y julio de 2014. Se aplicaron cuestionarios de auto-reporte de AA. La prevalencia de AA auto-reportada fue del 27.8% (Cuenca 31.5% vs Santa Isabel 21.1 %; P<0.001). Los aditivos fueron los primeros alimentos reportados, seguidos de las frutas no cítricas. Se identificaron nuevos alimentos como la grosella y uvilla. El 20.4% de adolescentes que reportaron enfermedades atópicas reportaron también síntomas sugestivos de AA, mientras que, el 7.4% de adolescentes sin estas enfermedades reportaron síntomas sugestivos de AA (OR 3.39, IC 95 %: 2.6 a 4.4, P< 0.001). Se concluye que la AA auto-reportada a los aditivos y frutas no cítricas fueron las más prevalentes en los adolescentes de Cuenca y Santa Isabel. Se identificaron alimentos usualmente no reportados. Los adolescentes con enfermedades atópicas tuvieron tres veces más probabilidades de reportar AA que aquellos que no las presentaron.
Food allergy (FA) is associated with the development of atopic diseases and anaphylaxis in adolescents. It was determined and compared among adolescents Cuenca and Santa Isabel: I) self-reported FA prevalence, ii) common food allergens and iii) self-reported atopic diseases. Crosssectional study was conducted in adolescents from Cuenca (n = 967) and Santa Isabel (n = 498) between July 2013 and July 2014. Data were collected through self-reported FA questionnaires. The prevalence of self-reported FA was 27.8% (Cuenca 31.5% vs. Santa Isabel 21.1 %; P <0.001). Additives were the major foods reported followed by the non-citrus fruits. 20.4% of adolescents who reported atopic diseases also reported suggestive symptoms of FA, while 7.4% of adolescents who reported suggestive symptoms of FA didn’t report atopic diseases (OR 3.39, 95% CI 2.6 to 4.4, P <0.001). In conclusion, self-reported additives and non-citrus fruits allergy were the most prevalent among adolescents in Cuenca and Santa Isabel. New foods usually not reported were identified. Adolescents with atopic disease were three times more likely to report FA than those who did not have atopic diseases.
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