Aproximación neurocientífica a la esfera religiosa. Estrategias de afrontamiento espiritual y calidad de vida en personas que presentan experiencias oncológicas
Keywords:
neuroscience of religion, spiritual coping, quality of life, oncological experienceAbstract
The present article carries out a theoretical analysis and a review of brain structures and the processing of the information regarding religious–spiritual monotheistic Judeo–Christian field. From anthropological, psychological, and neuroscientific theorizations, an explanation of “God construct” is provided and his link with faith, which is a cognitive–emotional component in the believer’s psychological life, in parallel, one of the mechanisms by which the human is related to the divinity is analyzed the prayer. The objectives of this research were: To relate the spiritual coping and the perception of quality of life in people who present cancer, 2) Identify brain structures that serve as the base of the religion complex. This kind of study was a quantitative and a correlational–descriptive significance. The sample is confirmed by 100 people who had different types of cancer. The psychometric instruments used were: Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale –SCS- and McGILL Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL). The results suggest that the most common strategy used by the participants was “to trust in God, hoping that things will get better”, with an average of 2.91 (DE=0.35), followed by “Keeping a relationship with God or/a superior power, as a source of strength and hope” with an average of 2.88 (DE=0.38), both strategies pertaining to religious coping. The non-spiritual coping is found slightly correlated in a positive way with CV global Rs=.243 and its physical symptoms Rs=.243; the existential subscale and the use of coping of strategies correlated in a positive way and with a moderate force.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Acosta, P., Chaparro, L., Rey, C. (2008). Calidad de vida y estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis, diálisis peritoneal o trasplante renal. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, (17), 9-26.
Baldacchino, D., Buhagiar, A. (2003). Psychometric evaluation of the Spiritual Copin Strategies scale in English, Maltese, back-translation and bilingual versions. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 42(6), 558-570. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02659.x
Beauregard, M., Paquette, V. (2006). Neural correlates of a mystical experience in Carmelite nuns. Neuroscience Letters, 405(3), 186-190. doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2006.06.060
Boyer, P. (2003). Religious thought and behaviour as by-products of brain function. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(3), 119-124. doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00031-7
Cohen, S. R., Mount, B. M., Strobel, M. G., Bui, F. (1995). The McGill quality of life questionnaire: a measure of quality of life appropriate for people with advanced disease. A preliminary study of validity and acceptability. Palliative Medicine, 9(3), 207-219. doi: 10.1177/026921639500900306
Cohen, S. R., Mount, B. M., Tomas, J. J., Mount, L. F. (1996). Existential well-being is an important determinant of quality of life. Evidence from the McGill quality of life questionnaire. Cancer, 77(3), 576-586. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960201)77:3<576::AID-CNCR22>3.0.CO;2-0
D’Aquili, E. G., Newberg, A. B. (1999). The mystical mind: Probing the biology of religious experience. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress.
de la Garza, J. G., Juárez, P. (2014). El cáncer (1a ed.). 188 p. México: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León.
Díaz, I. (2008). Calidad de vida percibida vivenciada (cvpv).Fundamentos teóricos y conceptuales para su estudio. Santiago, (115), 20-36.
Doufesh, H., Faisal, T., Lim, K.-S., Ibrahim, F. (2012). EEG spectral analysis on Muslim prayers. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 37(1), 11-18. doi: 10.1007/s10484-011-9170-1
Doufesh, H., Ibrahim, F., Ismail, N. A., Wan Ahmad, W. A. (2014). Effect of Muslim prayer (Salat) on α electroencephalography and its relationship with autonomic nervous system activity. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 20(7), 558-562. doi: 10.1089/acm.2013.0426
El Universo. (2017). Cada año diagnostican más de 3.000 nuevos casos de cáncer. El Universo. Retrieved from https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/2017/02/04/nota/6030301/cada-ano-diagnostican-mas-3000-nuevos-casos-cancer
Fayard, C. (2013). Cultura, neurociencia y espiritualidad: abordaje neuro-psico-espiritual en psicoterapia. Revista Entorno, (54), 20-31.
Fenwick, P. (2011). The neuroscience of spirituality. Royal College of Psychiatrists. Retrieved from https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/Peter Fenwick The Neuroscience of Spirituality.pdf
Fromm, E. (1964). El dogma de Cristo (1ª ed.). Madrid, Spain: Ediciones Paidós Ibérica, S.A.
Gaviria, A. M., Vinaccia, S., Riveros, M. F., Quiceno, J. M. (2007). Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, afrontamiento del estrés y emociones negativas en pacientes con cáncer en tratamiento quimioterapéutico. Psicología Desde El Caribe, (20), 50-75.
Globocan (2012). El cáncer en la región de las Américas. Recuperado de http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=16805&Itemid=270&lang=en
Hamilton, J. B., Powe, B. D., Pollard, A. B., Lee, K. J., Felton, A. M. (2007). Spirituality among African American cancer survivors: having a personal relationship with God. Cancer Nursing, 30(4), 309-316. doi: 10.1097/01.NCC.0000281730.17985.f5
Idler, E. L., Kasl, S. V. (1997). Religion among disabled and nondisabled persons I: cross-sectional patterns in health practices, social activities, and well-being. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 52B(6), S294-S305. doi: 10.1093/geronb/52B.6.S294
INEC. (2012). INEC presenta por primera vez estadísticas sobre religión. Recuperado de http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/inec-presenta-por-primera-vez-estadisticas-sobre-religion/
James, W. (1986). Las variedades de la experiencia religiosa (2ª ed.). 251 p. Ediciones Península. Diponible en https://nytz.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/james-william-las-variedades-de-la-experiencia-religiosa.pdf
Koffman, J., Morgan, M., Edmonds, P., Speck, P., Higginson, I. J. (2008). Cultural meanings of pain: a qualitative study of black Caribbean and white British patients with advanced cancer. Palliative Medicine, 22(4), 350-359. doi: 10.1177/0269216308090168
Lazarus, R., Folkman, S. (1987). Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping. European Journal of Personality, 1(3), 141-169. doi: 10.1002/per.2410010304
Luhrmann, T. M., Nusbaum, H., Thisted, R. (2013). “Lord, teach us to pray”: Prayer practice affects cognitive processing. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 13(1-2), 159-177. doi: 10.1163/15685373-12342090
Martínez-Guerrero, L. (2011). Varieties of psychology of religion: Exploring different ways of building the object of study. Estudios de Psicología, 32(1), 51-67. doi: 10.1174/021093911794834667
Méndez, J. (2006). Psicooncología una nueva actividad en salud. Revista Neurología, Neurocirugía y Psiquiatría, 39, 44-45.
Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador. (2014).Principales causas de morbilidad ambulatoria. Recuperado de https://public.tableau.com/profile/publish/morbi_rdacaa_2014/Men#!/publish-confirm
Monserrat, J. (2014). Philosophy and psychology of religion. Estudios de Psicología, 32(1), 9-28. doi: 10.1174/021093911794834630
Nogués, R. (2013). Dioses, creencias y neuronas. Una aproximación científica a la religión. Revista Colombiana de Filosofía de La Ciencia, 13(27), 217-222.
Núñez, P., Enríquez, D., Irarrázaval, M. E. (2012). La espiritualidad en e paciente oncológico: una forma de nutrir la esperanza y fomentar un afrontamiento positivo a la enfermedad. Ajayu Órgano de Difusión Científica Del Departamento de Psicología UCBSP, 10(1), 84-100.
Plaza, A., Nieves, I. R. (2014). La vivencia del duelo por pérdida corporal y las estrategias de afrontamiento en un grupo de mujeres mastectomizadas. Informes Psicológicos, 14(1), 65-89.
Rezaei, M., Adib-Hajbaghery, M., Seyedfatemi, N., Hoseini, F. (2008). Prayer in Iranian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 14(2), 90-97. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2008.01.001
Ries, J. (2016). El origen de las religiones. Madrid, España: Libsa.
Ríos-Morales, J. R., Martínez-Salazar, I. N., Flores-Vázquez, J. L., Domínguez-Cabañas, P. I., Valdepeña-López, M. (2017). Análisis del servicio de psiquiatría de enlace e interconsultas durante tres meses en el Hospital Central Militar. Revista de Sanidad Militar, 70(2), 173-179.
Rivero, R., Piqueras, A., Ramos, V., García, J., Martínez, E., Oblitas, A. (2008). Psicología y cáncer. Suma Psicológica, 15(1), 171-198.
Ruiz, M. (2014). Does God change the brain of a believer? Journal of Technological Possibilism, 4(6), 19-23.
Salas Zapata, C., Grisales Romero, H. (2010). Calidad de vida y factores asociados en mujeres con cáncer de mama en Antioquia, Colombia. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 28, 9-18. doi: 10.1590/S1020-49892010000700002
Salsman, J. M., Fitchett, G., Merluzzi, T. V, Sherman, A. C., Park, C. L. (2015). Religion, spirituality, and health outcomes in cancer: A case for a meta-analytic investigation. Cancer, 121(21), 3754-3759. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29349
Schjødt, U., Stødkilde-Jørgensen, H., Geertz, A. W., Roepstorff, A. (2008). Rewarding prayers. Neuroscience Letters, 443(3), 165-168. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.07.068
Schjødt, U., Stødkilde-Jørgensen, H., Geertz, A. W., Roepstorff, A. (2009). Highly religious participants recruit areas of social cognition in personal prayer. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 4(2), 199-207. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsn050
Souza, V. de M., Frizzo, H. C. F., Paiva, M. H. P. de, Bousso, R. S., Santos, Á. da S., Souza, V. de M., … Santos, Á. da S. (2015). Spirituality, religion and personal beliefs of adolescents with cancer. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 68(5), 791-796. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167.2015680504i
Valiente Barroso, C. (2011). Estudio neuropsicológico de funciones ejecutivas en religiosas meditadoras contemplativas. Madrod, España: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Servicio de Publicaciones. Retrieved from http://eprints.ucm.es/13308/
Valiente Barroso, C. (2013). Intersecciones entre espiritualidad / religiosidad y psicología: desde la filosofía hasta la neurociencia. Revista de Historia de La Psicología, 34(4), 67-87.
Varela, B. (2002). ¿Qué es la psicología de enlace? Revista de Psicoterapia Psicoanalítica, 6(2), 63-72.
Whitehouse, H. (2008). Cognitive evolution and religion. Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology, 3(3), 35-47.
Zaruma-Quizhpilema, V. (2006). Wakanmay, aliento sagrado: perspectivas de teología india: una propuesta desde la cultura cañari. Abya Yala. Retrieved from http://digitalrepository.unm.edu/abya_yala/301
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright © Autors. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. for any article submitted from 6 June 2017 onwards. For manuscripts submitted before, the CC BY 3.0 License was used.
You are free to:
 |
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format |
 |
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. |
Under the following conditions:
 |
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licenser endorses you or your use. |
| No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the licence permits. |
