Impacto de los forrajes conservados sobre los sistemas de cria vacuna
Abstract
RESUMEN
En los sistemas ganaderos pastoriles, el manejo de excedentes y déficits estacionales e interanuales de forraje mediante el uso de reservas forrajeras impacta sobre la eficiencia de utilización las pasturas (manejo, productividad, y cosecha), y consecuentemente sobre el desempeño animal y productividad del sistema. En este trabajo se reporta información sobre la productividad y calidad de distintos recursos forrajeros que se utilizan para la confección de forrajes conservados. Se presenta información sobre la respuesta animal esperada para distintos momentos de confección, tipos de reservas (henos vs. Silos) para distintas categorías de animales. Se hace particular énfasis en los puntos críticos para lograr reservas de buena calidad y sobre el uso de las reservas como suplemento de pasturas, en dietas de recría y dietas engorde a corral. Finalmente se destacan algunas deficiencias nutricionales comunes en las reservas forrajeras y su modo de corrección. Aunque es bien conocido que la confección de reservas forrajeras - silos y henos - es una herramienta para la intensificación de los sistemas ganaderos que impacta sobre la productividad individual y por hectárea del sistema, hay que tener en cuenta aspectos claves para la obtención de una reserva de buena calidad y optimizar la ventajas de las reservas en el sistema como son la productividad del material a utilizar, el momento de corte, la conservación y la utilización.
Palabras clave: Conservación, forrajes, producción carne, bovinos.
ABSTRACT
In grazing systems, seasonal and inter-annual forage deficit and surplus management throughout the use of forage conservation has an important impact on pasture management and utilization, and consequently on animal performance and livestock system. This paper reports on the yield and quality of different preserved forage sources like silage or hay. Are also discussed the expected animal response with regards to harvest time and storage system (hay vs. silage). Thereby, special emphasis is given to the critical points that guarantee achieving high quality of conserved forages and the utilization of hay or silage as supplement under grazing, as well as for growing and finishing diets in feed yard systems. Finally, the paper highlights the normal nutritional deficiencies in conserved forage and discusses possible correction strategies. Even though it is well known that forage conservation - silage and hay - is a powerful tool for the intensification of livestock production systems, there are key aspects to be considered that guarantee a food reserve of high quality and take advantage of the reserves in the entire system, such as the forage production, harvest time, conservation method and utilization.
Keywords: Conservation, forage, meat production, bovines.
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