Gorham-Stout disease. Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a pathology characterized by progressive destruction of bone tissue, which appears between the second and third decades of life. Currently, it presents a diagnostic challenge due to its low incidence and non-specific symptomatology. There is no specific treatment for this pathology, but it may include bisphosphonates, radiotherapy and in advanced cases, surgery. 

Case report: a 37-year-old female patient, with no relevant pathological history, presented with chronic intermittent pain in the left hip of 8 months of evolution, exacerbated in the last weeks until it became constant and limiting. A simple anteroposterior (AP) radiography of the pelvis was performed, which showed: osteolytic lesion of the right iliopubic branch, left ilio and ischiopubic branches and in the symphysis pubis region.  A simple computed axial tomography (CT) scan of the pelvis was also performed, which showed an extensive lytic lesion with irregular sclerotic borders, simple and contrasted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis suggested increased inflammatory or vascular activity in the described areas. Finally, histopathological analysis of the incisional biopsy confirmed the presence of fibroangioblastic tissue, without neoplastic infiltration, cellular atypia; characteristic aspects of Gorham-Stout disease. 

 Conclusion: Gorham-Stout disease is a rare pathology, with low incidence and unknown etiology. The diagnosis requires a combination of clinical, imaging and histopathological aspects and its treatment is currently controversial and unspecific.