El Efecto de la Corrupción en la Desigualdad de Ingresos: Un Análisis de Datos de Panel Dinámico para América Latina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25097/rep.n42.2025.01Palabras clave:
corrupción, índice de percepción de corrupción, Gini, desigualdadResumen
La perspectiva predominante sostiene que la corrupción tiene efectos directos en la desigualdad de ingresos; sin embargo, investigaciones recientes cuestionan esta relación. El presente estudio analiza la relación entre la corrupción, medida por el Índice de Percepción de Corrupción, y la desigualdad de ingresos, representada por el Índice de Gini, en 18 países de América Latina entre 1996 y 2022. A través de un modelo de datos de panel dinámico, se aportó nueva evidencia sobre una relación causal unidireccional entre corrupción y desigualdad, siendo consistente con otros estudios previos. En ese sentido, la corrupción debilita los sistemas tributarios, altera el gasto público y reduce los recursos para servicios esenciales, lo que, en consecuencia, incrementa la desigualdad de ingresos. Para fortalecer el análisis, se incluyeron variables de control como el Estado de Derecho, Inversión Extranjera Directa, Rentas de Recursos Naturales, Índice de Educación Primaria, Desempleo y PIB real per cápita.
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