Transporte de fondo potencial mediante estudio en modelo físico de lecho móvil
Abstract
RESUMEN
Se predice potenciales tasas de transporte de fondo mediante un estudio experimental en modelo físico de lecho móvil. El estudio fue realizado para el proyecto de generación hidroeléctrica HidroSanBartolo ubicado en el río Negro al sur del Ecuador. Para las condiciones de hidrología fluvial de interés, se establece las tasas teóricas potenciales mediante cinco ecuaciones de transporte de carga de lecho. Se evalúa la respuesta del modelo físico a los procesos de erosión-acreción de acuerdo a las leyes que rigen el equilibrio morfológico de un cauce con un punto de control aguas arriba, y se calibra las tasas teóricas mediante la evaluación de la pendiente del lecho. De acuerdo a los procesos morfodinámicos de control en la modelización, se establece que la ecuación simplificada propuesta por Nielsen, es el método recomendado para el cálculo de tasas de transporte, calibración del modelo físico de lecho móvil y análisis de escenarios para el río de estudio. Los valores de las tasas finalmente obtenidas corresponden al 85% de los valores teóricos calculados por dicha formulación, habiéndose obtenido tasas potenciales para transporte de carga de lecho de 662 kg/s para el caudal formativo de 50 m3/s, y 914 kg/s para el caudal promedio del periodo húmedo de 75 m3/s.
Palabras clave: Transporte de carga de lecho, Modelización hidráulica, Modelo de lecho móvil.
ABSTRACT
Potential bed-load transport rates are determined by an experimental study in a moving-bed physical model. This study was conducted for the HidroSanBartolo hydroelectric project located in Negro river South of Ecuador. Prospective bed-load rates were established with five theoretical equations for the fluvial hydrology conditions of interest. Additionally, according to the governing laws of the morphological equilibrium of a natural channel, the river response to erosion-accretion processes is evaluated through a control point upstream. Also, based on the bed slope, the theoretical rates are calibrated. Considering the control morphodynamic mechanisms, the Nielsen simplified method was established as the recommended scheme to calculate the transport rates, to calibrate the model, and to analyze the scenarios for the river. The final rates obtained represent the 85% percent of the values calculated with this formulation with values of 662 kg/s for the channel forming flow of 50 m3/s and 914 kg/s for the humid season flow of 75 m3/s.
Keywords: Bed load transport, Hydraulic Modelling, Moving-bed physical model.
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References
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