Diagnostico de endometritis subclínica en vacas lecheras
Abstract
Las enfermedades uterinas en el período posparto comprometen seriamente la eficiencia reproductiva. La clasificación hecha hace pocos años por Sheldon et al. (2006) permite diagnosticarlas con mayor facilidad de acuerdo al tiempo transcurrido desde el parto a su detección y diagnóstico. De acuerdo con esta clasificación ha sido posible utilizar las denominaciones de metritis puerperal a la que transcurre entre los días 4 a 10 posparto; a la endometritis clínica y la piómetra, que se observan a partir del día 14 posparto y la endometritis subclínica que ocurre en cualquier momento posterior a la culminación histológica de la involución uterina (en general más allá de las 5 a 6 semanas del posparto). En esta revisión se realiza un análisis de cada una de estas presentaciones y sus características. Finalmente se describen los tratamientos posibles que en su conjunto aún no han permitido una solución total quedando claro que es un control precoz y sobre todo durante el período de transición lo que permite disminuir el impacto de estas patologías sobre el tracto reproductivo y así mejorar la eficiencia reproductiva de la vaca lechera.
Palabras clave: Endometritis, tipos, tratamiento, vaca lechera.
ABSTRACT
Uterine diseases in the postpartum period impacts seriously reproductive efficiency. The classification by Sheldon et al. (2006) allows more easily detection and diagnose of these diseases based on the elapsed time since delivery. According to the classification of the elapsed time distinction is made between puerperal metritis which manifests between 4-10 days postpartum; clinical endometritis and pyometra seen from day 14 postpartum, and subclinical endometritis occurring at any time after completion of the histological uterine involution time (generally beyond 5-6 weeks postpartum). This presentation provides an analysis and discussion of each of these phenomena and their characteristics. Further, possible treatments that can be applied and which together have not been able to give a total solution of this pathology are discussed. It is increasingly clear that early prevention and control, particularly during the transition period, will reduce the impact of these diseases on the reproductive tract and thereby improve the reproductive efficiency of dairy cattle.
Keywords: Edometritis, types, treatment, dairy cow.
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