Plantas y sustancias tóxicas para el ganado
Abstract
RESUMEN
Las pérdidas económicas ocasionadas por las intoxicaciones vegetales son muy difíciles de cuantificar, fundamentalmente porque son muy diversos los mecanismos de acción y las manifestaciones de toxicidad. Estas pueden producir graves mortandades en forma súbita, mermas en los índices reproductivos, malformaciones congénitas, merma en la ganancia o directamente pérdida de peso. No obstante a pesar de la dificultad en la evaluación, es muy claro que el efecto de las intoxicaciones repercute fuertemente en el resultado económico de los productores de carne. El objetivo de esta presentación es aportar información tendiente a facilitar el reconocimiento de las plantas tóxicas por parte del productor, y dar armas al Veterinario para diagnosticar en forma certera las intoxicaciones mediante el conocimiento de las alteraciones clínicas, parámetros bioquímicos y lesiones macroscópicas observables a la necropsia.
Palabras clave: Intoxicaciones vegetales, órganos afectados, plantas.
ABSTRACT
Economic losses caused by plant poisonings are difficult to quantify, mainly because very different mechanisms of action and toxicities exist. These can result in a sudden high mortality, decline in reproductive rates, birth defects, and drop in the gain of weight. But despite the difficulty in detection, it is clear that the effect of poisoning strongly affects the economic performance of meat producers. The objective of this presentation is to provide information that will facilitate producers to recognize the toxic plants, and to provide new resources to veterinaries to accurately diagnosis poisoning by detailing the clinical alterations, the biochemical parameters and the macroscopic lesions, that are observable at necropsy.
Keywords: Plant poisoning, organs affected, plan varieties.
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Cantón, G.J., C.M. Campero, M.E. Villa, E.R. Odriozola, 2010 Possible outbreak of acute and chronic phalaris staggers in cattle grazing Phalarisangusta pastures in Argentina Pesq. Vet. Bras., 30(1), 63-66.
Knight, A.P., R.G. Walter, 2001. A guide to plant poisoning of animals in North America (1a ed.). Manson Series, Teton NewMedia Inc., Jackson, NY, 367 pp.
Panter, K.E., T.D. Bunch, R.F. Keeler, D.V. Sisson, R.J. Callan, 1990. Multiple congenital contractures (MCC) and cleft palate induced in goats by ingestion of piperidine alkaloid-containing plants: Reduction in fetal movement as the probable cause. Clin. Toxicol., 28, 69-83.
Panter, K.E., D.R. Gardner, L.F. James, B.L. Stegelmeier, R.J. Molyneux, 2000. Natural toxins from poisonous plant affecting reproductive function in livestock, pp.154-172. In: Tu, A.T., W. Gaffield (Eds.). Natural and Selected Synthetic Toxins: Biological Implications. Amer. Chem. Soc. Symp., Series 745. Washington, D.C.
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