Genetic diversity of accessions of the Caricaceae family in southern Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18537/mskn.08.01.08Keywords:
genetic identity, Carica papaya, Vasconcellea, jaracatia, RAPDsAbstract
The genetic diversity of 78 accessions of the Caricaceae family collected in the provinces of Azuay, Cañar, Loja, El Oro and Zamora Chinchipe, south of Ecuador, was studied, including the species Vasconcellea candicans, V. goudotiana, V. longiflora, V. microcarpa, V. monoica, V. omnilingua, V. palandensis, V. stipulata, V. parviflora, V. sp., V. x heilborne, V. x heilborne cv pentagona, V. x heilborne cv chrysopetala, Carica papaya, Jaracatia digitata y J. spinosa by DNA amplifications using 14 aleatory primers from AA, AC, AM and AN series of Operon Technologies Inc. The used RAPD primers produced 76 polymorphic fragments with sizes between 368 and 2102 base pairs (bp). The cluster and principal coordinate analysis grouped the accessions of each kind among them and the results were consistent with previous studies. The dendrogram separated clearly the three genera, however, based on these results, studies and morphological observations, the creation of a new genera that groups the Vasconcellea candicans accessions is suggested. Furthermore, the authors support the hypothesis of designating the materials collected in the Molleturo zone as a new taxón of the genera Vasconcellea. As in other studies, the results suggest possible events of interspecific hybridization within Vasconcellea genus.
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References
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Badillo VM (1993). Caricaceae: segundo esquema. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad Central de Venezuela 43:1-111
Badillo VM (1997). Neotipificación de Carica pubescens Lenné et Koch y de Carica quercifolia
(St. Hil) Hieron. y nuevos registros de la familia para Ecuador. Ernstia 6:201-205
Badillo VM (2000). Carica L. vs Vasconcellea St. Hil. (Caricaceae), con la rehabilitación de este último. Ernstia 10:74-79
Badilo VM, Van den Eynden V, Van Damme P (2000). Carica palandensis (Caricaceae), a new species from Ecuador. Novon 10(1):4-6
Claros MG (2002). Marcardores moleculares: Qué son, cómo se obtienen y para qué valen. Disponible en http://www.encuentros.uma.es/encuentros49/marcadores.html
Carrasco B, Avila P, Perez-Díaz J, Muñoz P, García R, Lavandero B, Zuritasilva A, Retamales JB, Caligari PDS (2009). Genetic structure of highland papayas (Vasconcellea pubescens (Lenné et C Koch) Badillo) cultivated along a geographic gradient in Chile as revealed by Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 56:331-337
Criollo S (2003). Caracterización morfológica y colección de Vasconcellea x heilbornii (Heilborn), Vasconcellea stipulata (VM Badillo) y Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis (VM Badillo) en las provincias de Azuay, Cañar y Loja. Universidad del Azuay, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Escuela de Biología del Medio Ambiente. Tesis Blga., Cuenca, Ecuador, 37 pp
Crisci J, López M (1983). Introducción a la teoría y práctica de la taxonomía numérica. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. La Plata, Argentina, pp. 39-81
Costa R, Pereira G, Garrido I, Tavares-de-Sousa MM, Espinoza F (2016). Comparison of RAPD, ISSR, and AFLP molecular markers to reveal and classify orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) Germplasm Variations. PLoS One 11(4): e0152972. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0152972
Estrella J, Phillips S, Abbott RJ, Gillies A, Sørensen M (1998). Genetic variation and relationships in agronomically important species of Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus DC.) on RAPD markers. En: Sørensen M, Estrella E, Hamann JE, Ríos Ruíz SA (Eds.). Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium on Tuberous Legumes, Celaya, Gto., Mexico 5-8 August 1996. København: MacKenzie, pp. 43-60
Ferreira ME, Grattapaglia D (1998). Introducción al uso de marcadores moleculares en el análisis genético (1 ed.). Brasilia, Brasil: EMBRAPA-CENARGEN, 220 pp
Horovitz S, Jiménez H (1976). Cruzamientos interespecíficos e intergenéricos en Caricaceaes y sus implicaciones fitotécnicas. Agronomía Tropical 17:323-344.
INIAP (2003). Informe annual del Proyecto PROMSA “Diversidad de frutales nativos comestibles Garicaceae-Solanaceae, fenología, usos y recolección de germoplasma en el sur del Ecuador”. Programa de Fruticultural. EECH, Cuenca, Ecuador
IUCN (2003). The IUCN red list of threatened species. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN Species Survival Commission. Available at website, http://www.iucnredlist.org/
Jiménez Y, Romero J, Scheldeman X (1999). Colección, caracterización y descripción de Carica x heilbornii nm. pentágona B.; Carica pubescens (A. DC.) Solms-Laub y Carica stipulata B., en la provincia de Loja. Revista de Difusión Técnica y Científica (Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad Nacional de Loja) 29:43-54
Jhingan AK (1992). A novel technology for DNA isolation. Methods Molecular Cell Biology 3(1):15-22
Kyndt T, Romeijn-Peeters E, Van Droogenbroeck BV, Romero-Motochi JP, Gheysen G, Goetghebeur P (2005a). Species relationships in the genus Vasconcellea (Caricaceae) based on molecular and morphological evidence. American Journal of Botany 92(6):1033-1044
Kyndt T, Van Droogenbroeck BV, Romeijn-Peeters E, Romero- Motochi JP, Scheldeman X, Goetghebeur P, Van Damme P, Gheysen G (2005b). Molecular phylogeny and evolution of Caricaceae based on rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and chloroplast sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37(2):442-459
Morillo E (2000). Protocolos del Laboratorio de Marcadores Moleculares. Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Departamento Nacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos y Biotecnología (DENAREF). Quito, Ecuador
Morillo E, Miño G (2011). Marcadores moleculares en biotecnología agrícola: Manual de técnicas y procedimientos en INIAP. Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Quito, Ecuador, 132 pp
National Research Council (1989). Highland papayas. In: Ruskin FR (Ed.). Lost crops of the Incas: Little-Known plants of the Andes with promise for worldwide cultivation. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press, pp 252-261
Oleas N, Meerow A, Ortega F. (2013) Molecular Markers and Conservation of Plant Species in the Latin-America: The Case of Phaedranassa viridiflora (Amaryllidaceae). The Botanical Review 79(4):507-527
Olson, M.E., 2002. Intergeneric relationships within the Caricaceae–Moringaceae clade (Brassicales) and potential morphological synapomorphies of the clade and its families. International Journal of Plant Science 163(1):51-65
Oliveira EJ, Silva AS, Carvalho FM, Santos LF, Costa JL, Amorim VBO, Dantas JLL (2010). Polymorphic microsatellite marker set for Carica papaya L and its use in molecularassisted selection. Euphytica 173(2):279-287
Oliveira EJ, Costa J, Dos Santos L, Moraes de Carvalho F, Silva A, Loyola JL (2011). Molecular characterization of papaya genotypes using AFLP markers. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33(3):848-858
Peña D (2005). Estudio de la diversidad genética de Caricaceas en el sur del país mediante marcadores RAPD. Tesis de Master en Biotecnología, Programa de Biotecnología, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador. 68 pp
PROMSA (2003). Diversidad de frutales nativos comestibles Caricaceae y Solanaceae del sur del Ecuador. Proyecto IQCV045: Informe final. Cuenca, Ecuador. 52 pp
Ratchadaporn J, Sureeporn K, Khumcha U (2007). An analysis on DNA fingerprints of thirty papaya cultivars (Carica papaya L) grown in Thailand with the use of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP) technique. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, Faisalabad 10(18):3072-3078
Rohlf J (1998). Numerical taxonomy and2013 multivariate analysis system NTSYS 2.0. User guide. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York. New York, USA. 30 pp
Romeijn-Peeters E (2004). Biodiversity of the genus Vasconcellea (Cariucaceae) in Ecuador: a morphological approach. PhD thesis. Faculty of Sciences, Ghent Univerisity, Belgium.
Scheldeman X, Willemen L, Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge G, Romeijn-Peeters E, Restrepo MT, Romero-Motoche J, Jimenez D, Lobo M, Medina CI, Reyes C, Rodríguez D, Ocampo JA, Van Damme P, Goetgebeur P (2007). Distribution, diversity and environmental adaptation of highland papayas (Vasconcellea spp.) in tropical and subtropical America. Biodiversity Conservation Journal 16:18676-1884
Scheldeman X, Kyndt T, Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge GC, Ming R, Drew R, Van Droogenbroeck BV, Van Damme P, Moore PH (2011). Vasconcellea. In: Kole C (Ed.). Wild crop relatives: Genomic and breeding resources. Tropical and Subtropical Fruits (1st ed.). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag
Souza SGH, Carpentieri-Pípolo V, Ruas CF, Carvalho VP, Ruas PM, Geragel AC (2008). Comparative analysis of genetic diversity among the maize inbred lines (Zea mays L.) obtained by RAPD and SSR markers. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technoligy 51(1):183-192
Thormann CE, Fereira ME, Camargo LEA, Tivang JG, Osborn TC (1994). Comparison of RFLP and RAPD markers to estimating genetic relationships within and among cruciferous species. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 88(8):973-980
Van Droogenbroeck BV, Breyne P, Goetghebeur P, Romeijn-Peeters E, Kyndt T, Gheysen G (2002). AFLP analysis of genetic relationships among papaya and its wild relatives (Caricaceae) from Ecuador. Theorical and Applied Genetics 105(2):289-297
Van Droogenbroeck BV, Kyndt T, Maertens I, Romeijn-Peeters E, Scheldeman X, Romero-Motoche J, Van Damme P, Goetghebeur P, Gheysen G (2004). Phylogenetic analysis of the highland papayas (Vasconcellea) and allied genera (Caricaceae) using PCR-RFLP. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 108(8):1473-1486
Van Droogenbroeck BV, Kyndt T, Maertens I, Romeijn-Peeters E, Van Thuyne W, Goetghebeur P, Romero-Motochi R, Gheysen G (2006). Evidence of natural hybridization and introgression between Vasconcellea species (Caricaceae) from Southern Ecuador revealed by chloroplast, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers. Annals of Botany 97(5):793-805
Williams JGK, AR, Livak KJ, Rafalski JA, Tingey SV (1990). DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research 18(22):6531-6535
Yaguache B, Medina D (2003). Diversidad genética y filogenia de los géneros Carica Vasconcellea del sur del Ecuador. Tesis de grado previa a obtención del título de Ingeniero Agrónomo. Carrera de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Nacional de Loja. Loja, Ecuador. 212 pp
Badillo VM (1971). Monografía de la Familia Caricaceae. Maracay, Venezuela: Publicada por la Asociación de Profesores, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela, pp. 7-11
Badillo VM (1993). Caricaceae: segundo esquema. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad Central de Venezuela 43:1-111
Badillo VM (1997). Neotipificación de Carica pubescens Lenné et Koch y de Carica quercifolia
(St. Hil) Hieron. y nuevos registros de la familia para Ecuador. Ernstia 6:201-205
Badillo VM (2000). Carica L. vs Vasconcellea St. Hil. (Caricaceae), con la rehabilitación de este último. Ernstia 10:74-79
Badilo VM, Van den Eynden V, Van Damme P (2000). Carica palandensis (Caricaceae), a new species from Ecuador. Novon 10(1):4-6
Claros MG (2002). Marcardores moleculares: Qué son, cómo se obtienen y para qué valen. Disponible en http://www.encuentros.uma.es/encuentros49/marcadores.html
Carrasco B, Avila P, Perez-Díaz J, Muñoz P, García R, Lavandero B, Zuritasilva A, Retamales JB, Caligari PDS (2009). Genetic structure of highland papayas (Vasconcellea pubescens (Lenné et C Koch) Badillo) cultivated along a geographic gradient in Chile as revealed by Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 56:331-337
Criollo S (2003). Caracterización morfológica y colección de Vasconcellea x heilbornii (Heilborn), Vasconcellea stipulata (VM Badillo) y Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis (VM Badillo) en las provincias de Azuay, Cañar y Loja. Universidad del Azuay, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Escuela de Biología del Medio Ambiente. Tesis Blga., Cuenca, Ecuador, 37 pp
Crisci J, López M (1983). Introducción a la teoría y práctica de la taxonomía numérica. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. La Plata, Argentina, pp. 39-81
Costa R, Pereira G, Garrido I, Tavares-de-Sousa MM, Espinoza F (2016). Comparison of RAPD, ISSR, and AFLP molecular markers to reveal and classify orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) Germplasm Variations. PLoS One 11(4): e0152972. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0152972
Estrella J, Phillips S, Abbott RJ, Gillies A, Sørensen M (1998). Genetic variation and relationships in agronomically important species of Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus DC.) on RAPD markers. En: Sørensen M, Estrella E, Hamann JE, Ríos Ruíz SA (Eds.). Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium on Tuberous Legumes, Celaya, Gto., Mexico 5-8 August 1996. København: MacKenzie, pp. 43-60
Ferreira ME, Grattapaglia D (1998). Introducción al uso de marcadores moleculares en el análisis genético (1 ed.). Brasilia, Brasil: EMBRAPA-CENARGEN, 220 pp
Horovitz S, Jiménez H (1976). Cruzamientos interespecíficos e intergenéricos en Caricaceaes y sus implicaciones fitotécnicas. Agronomía Tropical 17:323-344.
INIAP (2003). Informe annual del Proyecto PROMSA “Diversidad de frutales nativos comestibles Garicaceae-Solanaceae, fenología, usos y recolección de germoplasma en el sur del Ecuador”. Programa de Fruticultural. EECH, Cuenca, Ecuador
IUCN (2003). The IUCN red list of threatened species. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN Species Survival Commission. Available at website, http://www.iucnredlist.org/
Jiménez Y, Romero J, Scheldeman X (1999). Colección, caracterización y descripción de Carica x heilbornii nm. pentágona B.; Carica pubescens (A. DC.) Solms-Laub y Carica stipulata B., en la provincia de Loja. Revista de Difusión Técnica y Científica (Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad Nacional de Loja) 29:43-54
Jhingan AK (1992). A novel technology for DNA isolation. Methods Molecular Cell Biology 3(1):15-22
Kyndt T, Romeijn-Peeters E, Van Droogenbroeck BV, Romero-Motochi JP, Gheysen G, Goetghebeur P (2005a). Species relationships in the genus Vasconcellea (Caricaceae) based on molecular and morphological evidence. American Journal of Botany 92(6):1033-1044
Kyndt T, Van Droogenbroeck BV, Romeijn-Peeters E, Romero- Motochi JP, Scheldeman X, Goetghebeur P, Van Damme P, Gheysen G (2005b). Molecular phylogeny and evolution of Caricaceae based on rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and chloroplast sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37(2):442-459
Morillo E (2000). Protocolos del Laboratorio de Marcadores Moleculares. Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Departamento Nacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos y Biotecnología (DENAREF). Quito, Ecuador
Morillo E, Miño G (2011). Marcadores moleculares en biotecnología agrícola: Manual de técnicas y procedimientos en INIAP. Instituto Nacional Autónomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Quito, Ecuador, 132 pp
National Research Council (1989). Highland papayas. In: Ruskin FR (Ed.). Lost crops of the Incas: Little-Known plants of the Andes with promise for worldwide cultivation. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press, pp 252-261
Oleas N, Meerow A, Ortega F. (2013) Molecular Markers and Conservation of Plant Species in the Latin-America: The Case of Phaedranassa viridiflora (Amaryllidaceae). The Botanical Review 79(4):507-527
Olson, M.E., 2002. Intergeneric relationships within the Caricaceae–Moringaceae clade (Brassicales) and potential morphological synapomorphies of the clade and its families. International Journal of Plant Science 163(1):51-65
Oliveira EJ, Silva AS, Carvalho FM, Santos LF, Costa JL, Amorim VBO, Dantas JLL (2010). Polymorphic microsatellite marker set for Carica papaya L and its use in molecularassisted selection. Euphytica 173(2):279-287
Oliveira EJ, Costa J, Dos Santos L, Moraes de Carvalho F, Silva A, Loyola JL (2011). Molecular characterization of papaya genotypes using AFLP markers. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33(3):848-858
Peña D (2005). Estudio de la diversidad genética de Caricaceas en el sur del país mediante marcadores RAPD. Tesis de Master en Biotecnología, Programa de Biotecnología, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador. 68 pp
PROMSA (2003). Diversidad de frutales nativos comestibles Caricaceae y Solanaceae del sur del Ecuador. Proyecto IQCV045: Informe final. Cuenca, Ecuador. 52 pp
Ratchadaporn J, Sureeporn K, Khumcha U (2007). An analysis on DNA fingerprints of thirty papaya cultivars (Carica papaya L) grown in Thailand with the use of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP) technique. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, Faisalabad 10(18):3072-3078
Rohlf J (1998). Numerical taxonomy and2013 multivariate analysis system NTSYS 2.0. User guide. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York. New York, USA. 30 pp
Romeijn-Peeters E (2004). Biodiversity of the genus Vasconcellea (Cariucaceae) in Ecuador: a morphological approach. PhD thesis. Faculty of Sciences, Ghent Univerisity, Belgium.
Scheldeman X, Willemen L, Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge G, Romeijn-Peeters E, Restrepo MT, Romero-Motoche J, Jimenez D, Lobo M, Medina CI, Reyes C, Rodríguez D, Ocampo JA, Van Damme P, Goetgebeur P (2007). Distribution, diversity and environmental adaptation of highland papayas (Vasconcellea spp.) in tropical and subtropical America. Biodiversity Conservation Journal 16:18676-1884
Scheldeman X, Kyndt T, Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge GC, Ming R, Drew R, Van Droogenbroeck BV, Van Damme P, Moore PH (2011). Vasconcellea. In: Kole C (Ed.). Wild crop relatives: Genomic and breeding resources. Tropical and Subtropical Fruits (1st ed.). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag
Souza SGH, Carpentieri-Pípolo V, Ruas CF, Carvalho VP, Ruas PM, Geragel AC (2008). Comparative analysis of genetic diversity among the maize inbred lines (Zea mays L.) obtained by RAPD and SSR markers. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technoligy 51(1):183-192
Thormann CE, Fereira ME, Camargo LEA, Tivang JG, Osborn TC (1994). Comparison of RFLP and RAPD markers to estimating genetic relationships within and among cruciferous species. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 88(8):973-980
Van Droogenbroeck BV, Breyne P, Goetghebeur P, Romeijn-Peeters E, Kyndt T, Gheysen G (2002). AFLP analysis of genetic relationships among papaya and its wild relatives (Caricaceae) from Ecuador. Theorical and Applied Genetics 105(2):289-297
Van Droogenbroeck BV, Kyndt T, Maertens I, Romeijn-Peeters E, Scheldeman X, Romero-Motoche J, Van Damme P, Goetghebeur P, Gheysen G (2004). Phylogenetic analysis of the highland papayas (Vasconcellea) and allied genera (Caricaceae) using PCR-RFLP. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 108(8):1473-1486
Van Droogenbroeck BV, Kyndt T, Maertens I, Romeijn-Peeters E, Van Thuyne W, Goetghebeur P, Romero-Motochi R, Gheysen G (2006). Evidence of natural hybridization and introgression between Vasconcellea species (Caricaceae) from Southern Ecuador revealed by chloroplast, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers. Annals of Botany 97(5):793-805
Williams JGK, AR, Livak KJ, Rafalski JA, Tingey SV (1990). DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research 18(22):6531-6535
Yaguache B, Medina D (2003). Diversidad genética y filogenia de los géneros Carica Vasconcellea del sur del Ecuador. Tesis de grado previa a obtención del título de Ingeniero Agrónomo. Carrera de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Nacional de Loja. Loja, Ecuador. 212 pp
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2017-06-20
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Peña T., D. F., Villena O., P. G., Aguirre, Ángel J., & Jiménez M., C. (2017). Genetic diversity of accessions of the Caricaceae family in southern Ecuador. Maskana, 8(1), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.18537/mskn.08.01.08
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