Methods for the analysis of slope stability
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18537/mskn.02.02.01Keywords:
slope stability analysis, limit equilibrium, limit analysis, finite element methodAbstract
This document presents, in a concise manner, different methods that have been developed for slope stability analysis. These methods are compared from the point of view of the assumptions that each of these methods uses to solve the problem. Among the most used methods are: the Limit Equilibrium Method with its variants, the Limit Analysis Method based on the theorems of the lower-bound and upper-bound, and the Numerical Methods with emphasis on the Finite Element Method, which uses the soil strength reduction technique. This document also presents a compilation of references for each method, which may form the starting point for further improvement of each methodology used in slope stability analysis.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Baker, R., M. Garber, 1978. Theoretical analysis of the stability of slopes. Géotechnique, 28, 395-411.
Baker, R., 1980. Determination of the critical slip surface in slope stability computations. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 4, 333-359.
Bishop, A.W., 1955. The use of the slip circle in the stability analysis of slopes. Géotechnique, 5, 7-17.
Bojorque, J., G. De Roeck, J. Maertens, 2007. Determination of the critical seismic acceleration coefficient in slope stability analysis using finite element methods. Int. Congress on Development, Environment and Natural Resources: Multi-level and Multi-scale Sustainability, 2, UMSS, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Bojorque, J., G. De Roeck, J. Maertens, 2008. Comments on two-dimensional slope stability analysis by limit equilibrium and strength reduction methods. Comput. Geotech., 35, 305-308.
Canuti, P., A. Frassoni, L. Natale, 1994. Failure of the río Paute landslide dam. Landslide News, 8, 6-7. Descargado de http://japan.landslide-soc.org/publications/l-news/08/index.htm el 15 de junio de 2010.
Castilllo, E., J. Revilla, 1977. One application of the calculus of variations to the stability of slopes. 9th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundations Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, 2, 25-30.
Castillo, E., A. Luceno, 1982. A critical analysis of some variational methods in slope stability analysis. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 6, 195-209.
Coulomb, C.A., 1776. Essai sur une application des règles des maximis et minimis à quelques problèmes de statique relatifs al architecture. Mem. Math. Phys. Acad. R. Sci., 7, 343-382.
Chen, W.F., M.W. Giger, H.Y. Fang, 1969. On the limit analysis of stability of slopes. Soils and Foundations, 9, 23-32.
Chen, W.F., 1975. Limit analysis and soil plasticity. Elsevier Publ. Comp., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 639 págs.
Chen, W.F., X.L. Liu, 1990. Limit analysis in soil mechanics. Elsevier Publ. Comp., Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 477 págs.
Chen, J., J.H. Yin, C.F. Lee, 2003. Upper bound limit analysis of slope stability using rigid finite elements and nonlinear programming. Can. Geotech. J., 40, 742-752.
Chen, J., J.H. Yin, C.F. Lee, 2004. Rigid finite element method for upper bound limit analysis of soil slopes subjected to pore water pressure. J. Eng. Mech., 130, 886-893.
Cheng, Y.M., L.J. Zhu, 2004. Unified formulation for two dimensional slope stability analysis and limitations in factor of safety determination. Soils and Foundations, 44, 121-127.
De Jong, G., 1981. Variational fallacy. Géotechnique, 31, 289-290.
Duncan, J.M., S.G. Wright, 1980. The accuracy of equilibrium methods of slope stability analysis. Eng. Geol., 16, 5-17.
Duncan, J.M., 1996. State of the art: Limit equilibrium and finite-element analysis of slopes. J. Geotech. Eng., 122, 577-596.
Eberhardt, E., D. Stead, J.S. Coggan, 2004. Numerical analysis of initiation and progressive failure in natural rock slopes - the 1991 Randa rockslide. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 41, 69-87.
EM-DAT, 2008. The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database. Technical Report, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. Descargado de http://www.emdat.be el 15 de junio de 2010.
Espinoza, R.D., P.L. Bourdeau, B. Muhunthan, 1994. Unified formulation for analysis of slopes with general slip surface. J. Geotech. Eng., 120, 1185-1204.
Fell, R., J. Corominas, C. Bonnard, L. Cascini, E. Leroi, W.Z. Savage, 2008. Guidelines for landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk zoning for land use planning. Eng. Geol., 102, 85-98.
Farias, M.M., D.J. Naylor, 1998. Safety analysis using finite elements. Comput. Geotech., 22, 165-181.
Fellenius, W., 1922. Statens Jarnvagars Geotekniska Kommission: Slutbetankande. (in Swedish). Technical Report, Stockholm, Sweden, 1018 págs.
Fredlund, D.G., J. Krahn, 1977. Comparison of slope stability methods of analysis. Can. Geotech. J., 14, 429-439.
Fredlund, D., R. Scoular, N. Zakerzadeh, 1999. Using a finite element stress analysis to compute the factor of safety. 52nd Canadian Geotechnical Conf., Saskatchewan, Canada, 73-80.
Fredlund, D.G., R.E. Scoular, 1999. Using limit equilibrium concepts in finite element slope stability analysis. Int. Symp. on Slope Stability Engineering, Matsuyama, Shikoku, Japan, 31-47.
Griffiths, D.V., 1980. Finite element analyses of walls, footings and slopes. Symp. on Comp. Applic. to Geotech. Probs. in Highway Eng. Randolph, M.F. (Ed.), Geotechnical Analysts Ltd., Cambridge, UK, 122-146.
Griffiths. D.V., P. Lane, 1999. Slope stability analysis by finite elements. Géotechnique, 49, 387-403.
Huybrechts, N., 2005. Workpackage 3: Innovative design tools in geotechnics. Technical Report, GeoTechNet - European Geotechnical Thematic Network.
Jiang, G.L., J.P. Magnan, 1997. Stability analysis of embankments: Comparison of limit analysis with methods of slices. Géotechnique, 47, 857-872.
Kim, J., R. Salgado, H.S. Yu, 1999. Limit analysis of soil slopes subjected to pore-water pressures. J. Geotech. Geoenviron.,125, 49-58.
Kim, J., R. Salgado, J. Lee, 2002. Stability analysis of complex soil slopes using limit analysis. J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 128, 546-557.
Krahn, J., 2003. The 2001 R.M. Hardy Lecture: The limits of limit equilibrium analyses. Can. Geotech. J., 40, 643-660.
Loukidis, D., P. Bandini, R. Salgado, 2005. Critical seismic coefficient using limit analysis and finite elements. 11th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ISMGE, Osaka, Japan.
Luceno, A., E. Castillo, 1980. Evaluation of variational methods in slope analysis. Int. Symp. on Landslides, New-Delhi, India, 255-258.
Lyamin, A.V., S.W. Sloan, 2002. Upper bound limit analysis using linear finite elements and non-linear programming. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 26, 181-216.
Matsui, T., K-C. San, 1992. Finite element slope stability analysis by shear strength reduction technique. Soils and Foundations, 32, 59-70.
Michalowski, R.L., 1995. Stability of slopes: limit analysis approach. Rev. Eng. Geol., 10, 51-62.
Morgenstern N.R., V.E. Price, 1965. The analysis of the stability of general slip surface. Géotechnique, 15, 289-290.
Naylor, D.L., 1982. Finite elements and slope stability. In: Numerical methods in geomechanics. Martins, J.B. (Ed.), Reidel Publishing Company, 229-244.
Plaza-Nieto, G., O. Zevallos, 1994. The 1993 La Josefina rockslide and Rio Paute landslide dam, Ecuador. Landslide News, 8, 4-6. Descargado de http://japan.landslide.soc.org/publications /lnews/08/index.htm el 15 de junio de 2010.
Potts, D., L. Zdravkovic, 1999. Finite element analysis in geotechnical engineering: Theory. Thomas Telford Ltd., London, UK
Potts, D.M., 2003. Numerical analysis: a virtual dream or practical reality? Géotechnique, 53, 535-573.
Ramamurthy, T., C. Narayan, V.P. Bhatkar, 1977. Variational method for slope stability analysis. 9th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, 139-142.
Rankine, W., 1857. On the stability of loose earth. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, UK, Vol. 147.
Sarma, S.K., D. Tan, 2006. Determination of critical slip surface in slope analysis. Géotechnique, 56, 539-550.
Schuster, R.L., 1996. Socioeconomic significance of landslides in Landslides: Investigation and Mitigation. Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., USA. Special Report, 247, 12-35.
Shahgholi, M., A. Fakher, C.J. Jones, 2001. Horizontal slice method of analysis. Géotechnique, 51, 881-885.
Sherard, J.L, S.F. Woodward, S.F. Gizienski, 1963. Earth and earth-rock dams. John Willey & Sons, Inc., NY, USA, 354-358.
Shukha, R., R. Baker, 2008. Design implications of the vertical pseudo-static coefficient in slope analysis. Comput. Geotech., 35, 86-96.
Sloan, S.W., P.W. Kleeman, 1995. Upper bound limit analysis using discontinuous velocity fields. Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 127, 293-314.
Sloan, S.W., 1988. Lower bound limit analysis using finite elements and linear programming. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 12, 61-77.
Sloan, S.W., 1989. Upper bound limit analysis using finite elements and linear programming. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 13, 263-282.
Spencer, E., 1967. A method of analysis of the stability of embankments assuming parallel inter-slice forces. Géotechnique, 17, 11-26.
Swan, C.C., Y.K. Seo, 1999. Limit state analysis of earthen slopes using dual continuum/FEM approaches. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 23, 1359-1371.
Taylor, D.W., 1948. Fundamental Soil Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY, USA, 700 págs.
Ugai, K., D. Leshchinsky, 1995. Three-dimensional limit equilibrium and finite element analyses : A comparison of results. Soils and Foundations, 35, 1-7.
Yu, H.S., R. Salgado, S.W. Sloan, J.M. Kim, 1998. Limit analysis versus limit equilibrium for slope stability. J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 124, 1-11.
Zheng, H., D.F. Liu, C.G. Li, 2005. Slope stability analysis based on elasto-plastic finite element method. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 64, 1871-1888.
Zhu, D.Y., C.F. Lee, H.D. Jiang, 2003. Generalised framework of limit equilibrium methods for slope stability analysis. Géotechnique, 53, 377-395.
Zienkiewicz, O.C., C. Humpheson, R.W. Lewis, 1975. Associated and non-associated visco-plasticity and plasticity in soil mechanics. Géotechnique, 25, 671-689.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright © Autors. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. for any article submitted from 6 June 2017 onwards. For manuscripts submitted before, the CC BY 3.0 License was used.
You are free to:
 |
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format |
 |
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. |
Under the following conditions:
 |
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licenser endorses you or your use. |
| No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the licence permits. |
