El (des)encuentro entre los programas de educación sexual en los Colegios y las expectativas de los adolescentes ecuatorianos

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18537/mskn.10.02.03

Palabras clave:

Educación en sexualidad, profesionalismo docente, satisfacción de los adolescentes, Ecuador

Resumen

Considerando la relevancia de las voces de los adolescentes en el diseño e implementación de los programas de educación en sexualidad, el estudio actual explora las percepciones de los adolescentes sobre la educación sexual actual que reciben en la escuela (SSE) y las percepciones sobre el profesionalismo de sus docentes con respecto a este tema (SEPT) en Ecuador. Mediante un procedimiento de muestreo por grupos estratificados en varias etapas se involucró a 702 adolescentes entre 11 y 19 años de edad en el estudio. Las percepciones de los participantes de SSE y SEPT se evaluaron en base a una encuesta tipo Likert con 15 preguntas cerradas y 4 preguntas abiertas. Las respuestas se analizaron en relación con su género, estado migratorio de los padres, edad y ubicación geográfica. Los adolescentes expresaron un nivel alto de satisfacción con la educación sexual recibida en la escuela (SSE) y un nivel medio de satisfacción con las competencias de sus maestros con respecto a la educación sexual (SEPT). Los análisis de regresión logística multinomial revelaron ligeras diferencias en relación con las variables sociodemográficas. Las respuestas a las preguntas abiertas reflejaron la fuerte influencia de un enfoque biológico en la educación en sexualidad. Dados los niveles de satisfacción en SSE y SEPT, y los contrastes entre el enfoque biológico y el marco ecuatoriano general, los resultados tienen implicaciones claras para el diseño y la implementación de futuros programas de educación en sexualidad y la capacitación de propuestas de maestros.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Métricas

Cargando métricas ...

Citas

Adams Tucker, L., George, G., Reardon, C., & Panday, S. (2016). Learning the basics: young people’s engagement with sexuality education at secondary schools. Sex Education, 16(4), 337-352. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2015.1091768

Alldred, P., & David M. E. (2007). Get real about sex: The politics and practice of sex education. London, UK: McGraw-Hill Education.

Allen, L. (2005). Say everything: Exploring young people’s suggestions for improving sexuality education. Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 5(4), 389-404.

Allen, L. (2008). They think you shouldn’t be having sex anyway: Young people’s suggestions for improving sexuality education content. Sexualities, 11(5), 573-94.

Bandura, A. (2006). Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales. Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Adolescents, 5, 307-337.

Barr, E. M., Goldfarb, E. S., Russell, S., Seabert, D., Wallen, M., & Wilson, K. L. (2014). Improving sexuality education: The development of teacher‐preparation standards. Journal of school health, 84(6), 396-415.

Bay-Cheng, L. (2003). The trouble of teen sex: The construction of adolescent sexuality through school-based sexuality education. Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 3(1), 61-74.

Castro, M., & Salinas, S. (2017). Diagnóstico de situación del embarazo en la adolescencia en la subregión andina 2016 - 2017. Recuperado de https://www.orasconhu.org/node/3283

CNIG (Consejo Nacional para la Igualdad Intergeneracional) (2019) "Niñez, situación y derechos". Quito-Ecuador. Retrieved from: https://www.igualdad.gob.ec/ninez-y-su-situacion/.

Cohen, J., Byers, S., Sears, H., & Weaver, A. (2004). Sexual health education: Attitudes, knowledge, and comfort of teachers in New Brunswick Schools. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 13(1), 1-15

Darré, S., Jerves, E., Castillo, J., & Enzlin, P. (2015). Sexuality education in Latin America. In: Ponzetti, J. (Ed.). Evidence-Based Approaches to Sexuality Education: A Global Perspective (pp. 277-291). New York, USA: Taylor & Francis.

Das, A., (2014). Sexuality education in India: Examining the rhetoric, rethinking the future. Sex Education, 14(2), 210-224. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 14681811.2013.866546

DeMaria, L., Galárraga, O., Campero, L., & Walker, D. (2009). Educación sobre sexualidad y prevención del VIH: Un diagnóstico para América Latina y el Caribe. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 26(6), 485-493.

DiCenso, A., Guyatt, G., Willan, A., & Griffith, L., (2002). Interventions to reduce unintended pregnancies among adolescents: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. British Medical Journal, 324(7351), 1426-1430.

Doyle, A. M., Mavedzenge, S. N., Plummer, M. L., & Ross, D. A. (2012). The sexual behaviour of adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa: patterns and trends from national surveys. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 17(7), 796-807. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03005.x

Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador. (2012). Constitución de la República, Ley Orgánica de Educación Intercultural y Reglamento General. Quito, Ecuador.

Eisenberg, M., Madsen, N., Oliphant, J., & Sieving, R. (2013). Barriers to providing the sexuality education that teachers believe students need. Journal of School Health, 83(5), 335-342. https://doi.org/10.1111/ josh.12036

Folayan, M. O., Adebajo, S., Adeyemi, A., & Ogungbemi, K. M. (2015). Differences in sexual practices, sexual behavior and HIV risk profile between adolescents and young persons in rural and urban Nigeria. PloS one, 10(7), e0129106. https://doi.org/101371/journal.pone.0129106

Forrest, S., Strange, V., Oakley, A., & RIPPLE Study Team. 2004. What do young people want from sex education? The results of a needs assessment from a peer‐led sex education program. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 6(4), 337-354. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13691050310001645050

Giami, A., Ohlrichs, Y., Quilliam, S., Wellings, K., Pacey, A., & Wylie, K. (2006). Sex education in schools is insufficient to support adolescents in the 21st century: A summary of sexual and relationship therapy’s inaugural debate. 8th Congress of the European Federation of Sexology in Prague, 5 June 2006. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 21(4), 485-490. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681990601019515

Haberland, N., & Rogow, D. (2015). Sexuality education: Emerging trends in evidence and practice. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(1-Suplement), S15-S21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.013

Helleve, A., Flisher, A., Onya, H., Mũkoma, W., & Klepp, K. (2011). Can "any" teacher teach sexuality and HIV/AIDS? Perspectives of South African life orientation teachers. Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 11(1), 13-26.

Helmich, J. (2009). What is comprehensive sexuality education? Going WAAAAAY beyond abstinence and condoms. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 4(1), 10-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 15546120902870315

Hilton, G. (2003). Listening to the boys: English boys’ views on the desirable characteristics of teachers of sex education. Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 3(1), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 1468181032000052144

Hirst, J. (2008). Developing sexual competence? Exploring strategies for the provision of effective sexualities and relationships education. Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 8(4), 399-413. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681810802433929

Huberman, A. M., Grounauer, M. M., & Marti, J. (1993). The lives of teachers. London, UK: Teachers College Press.

Hunt, A., & Ott, M. A. (2014). Challenges in adapting and implementing evidence-based sex education programs to local contexts. In: Sex Education: Attitude of Adolescents, Cultural Differences and Schools' Challenges. New York, USA: Nova Science Publishers Inc.

Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas Censos (INEC). (2010). Resultados Censo Azuay 2010. Retrieved from http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/wp-content/descargas/Manu-lateral/Resultados-provinciales/azuay.pdf.

Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC). (2014). Resultados demografía y salud sexual y reproductiva. Retrieved from http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/msp-e-inec-presentan-resultados-de-demografia-y-salud-sexual-y-reproductiva/.

International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF). (2009). From evidence to action: Advocating for comprehensive sexuality education. London, UK: International Planned Parenthood Federation. Recuperado de: https://www.ippf.org/resource/ evidence-action-advocating-comprehensive-sexuality-education

Jokhan, M. (2008). Parental absence as a consequence of migration: Reviewing the literature. Social and Economic Studies, 89-117.

Kehily, M. (2002). Sexing the subject: Teachers, pedagogies and sex education. Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 2(3), 215-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/1468181022000025785

Kirby, D. (2002). The impact of schools and school programs upon adolescent sexual behavior. Journal of Sex Research, 39(1), 27-33.

Kirby, D., Obasi, A., & Laris, B. (2006). The effectiveness of sex education and HIV education interventions in schools in developing countries. Technical Report Series-World Health Organization, 938, 103-50.

Levine, S., & Coupey, S. (2003). Adolescent substance use, sexual behavior, and metropolitan status: Is ‘urban’ a risk factor? Journal of Adolescent Health, 32(5), 350-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00016-8

Linacre, J. (2002). Optimizing rating scale category effectiveness. Journal of Applied Measurement, 3(1), 85-106.

Lupton, D., & Tulloch, J. (1996). ‘All red in the face’: students’ views on school‐based HIV/AIDS and sexuality education. The Sociological Review, 44(2), 252-271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1996.tb00424.x

MacDonald, J. A., Gagnon, A., Mitchell, C., Di Meglio, G., Rennick, J., & Cox, J. (2011). Asking to listen towards a youth perspective on sexual health education and needs. Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 11(4), 443-457. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 14681811.2011.595268

Martín, O. (2007). ¿Sexualidad en la escuela? Buenos Aires, Argentina: Editorial SB.

Matthias, R., Lubben, J., Atchison, K., & Schweitzer, S. (1997). Sexual activity and satisfaction among very old adults: Results from a community-dwelling medicare population survey. The Gerontologist, 37(1), 6-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.1.6

Measor, L. (2004). Young people’s views of sex education: Gender, information and knowledge. Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 4(2), 153-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681810410001678338

Milton, J., Berne, L., Peppard, J., Patton, W., Hunt, L., & Wright, S. (2001). Teaching sexuality education in high schools: What qualities do Australian teachers’ value? Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 1(2), 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 14681810120052597

Ministry of Education of Ecuador. (2012). Archivo Maestro Instituciones Educativos. Retrieved from: http://educacion.gob.ec/amie

Muhanguzi, F. K., & Ninsiima, A. (2011). Embracing teen sexuality: Teenagers’ assessment of sexuality education in Uganda. Empowering women for gender equity, 25(3), 54-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 10130950.2011.610987

Olwig, K. (1999). Narratives of the children left behind: Home and identity in globalised caribbean families. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 25(2), 267-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.1999.9976685

Oulton, C., Day, V., Dillon, J., & Grace, M. (2004). Controversial issues ‐ teachers’ attitudes and practices in the context of citizenship education. Oxford Review of Education, 30(4), 489-507. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305498042000303973

García-Pascual, F. (2013). ¿Un nuevo modelo rural en Ecuador? Cambios y permanencias en los espacios rurales en la era de la globalización. Íconos-Revista de Ciencias Sociales, (29), 77-93. https://doi.org/10.17141/iconos.29.2007.242

Pedone, C. (2006). Los cambios familiares y educativos en los actuales contextos migratorios ecuatorianos: Una perspectiva transatlántica. Athenea Digital. Revista de Pensamiento e Investigación Social, (10), 154-171.

Preston, M. (2013). ‘Very very risky’: Sexuality education teachers’ definition of sexuality and teaching and learning responsibilities. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 8(1-2), 18-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2013.790223

Rijsdijk, L. E., Bos, A. E., Ruiter, R. A., Leerlooijer, J. N., de Haas, B., & Schaalma, H. P. (2011). The world starts with me: A multilevel evaluation of a comprehensive sex education program targeting adolescents in Uganda. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-334

Santelli, J., Ott, M. A., Lyon, M., Rogers, J., Summers, D., & Schleifer, R. (2006). Abstinence and abstinence-only education: A review of US policies and programs. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(1), 72-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.10.006

Schmidt, S., Wandersman, A., & Hills, K. (2015). Evidence-based sexuality education programs in schools: Do they align with the national sexuality education standards? American Journal of Sexuality Education, 10(2), 177-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2015.1025937

Shoveller, J., Johnson, J., Langille, D., & Mitchell, T. (2004). Socio-cultural influences on young people’s sexual development. Social Science & Medicine, 59(3), 473-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.11.017

Simovska, V., & Kane, R. (2015). Sexuality education in different contexts: limitations and possibilities. Health Education, 115(1), 2-6. https://doi.org/10.1108/HE-10-2014-0093

Suellentrop, K. (2011). What works 2011-2012: Curriculum-based programs that help prevent teen pregnancy. Washington D.C., USA: National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. Available at http/Thenationalcampaign.Org/ Resource/What-Works.

Tenorio-Ambrossi, R. (2004). La intimidad desnuda. Sexualidad y cultura indígena. Quito, Ecuador: Ed. Abya-Yala.

Thomas, F., & Aggleton, P. (2016). School-based sex and relationships education: Current knowledge and emerging themes. In: Sundaram V., Sauntson H. (Eds). Global perspectives and key debates in sex and relationships education: Addressing issues of gender, sexuality, plurality and power, 13-29. London, UK: Palgrave Pivot.

UNESCO. (2015). Emerging evidence, lessons and practice in comprehensive sexuality education. A global review. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/ 0024/002431/243106e.pdf.

UNESCO. (2009). International technical guidance on sexuality education. An evidence-informed approach for schools, teachers and health educators. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001832/183281e.pdf.

Walters, A., & Hayes, D. (2007). Teaching about sexuality: Balancing contradictory social messages with professional standards. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 2(2), 27-49.

Wilson, K., Goodson, P., Pruitt, B., Buhi, E., & Davis‐Gunnels, E. (2005). A review of 21 curricula for abstinence‐only‐until‐marriage programs. Journal of School Health, 75(3), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2005.00003.x

World Health Organization (WHO). (2010). Standards for sexuality education in Europe: A framework for policy makers, educational and health authorities and specialists. Cologne, Germany: Federal Centre for Health Education

Publicado

2019-12-18

Cómo citar

Castillo, J., Derluyn, I., & Valcke, M. (2019). El (des)encuentro entre los programas de educación sexual en los Colegios y las expectativas de los adolescentes ecuatorianos. Maskana, 10(2), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.18537/mskn.10.02.03

Número

Sección

Artículos científicos